Skip to main content

Radiology of the Heart

  • Chapter
Essential Cardiology

Abstract

Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis of heart disease. In the past 25 to 30 yr, advanced imaging modalities such as digital angiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear cardiology have become important in the evaluation of the heart. However, the conventional radiographic examination remains the mainstay of cardiac imaging. This chapter will discuss the role of the chest radiograph in the diagnosis of cardiac disease in adults, with an emphasis on both normal cardiovascular anatomy and pathoanatomy in a variety of diseases. Correlation will be made with cross-sectional imaging in order to illustrate important anatomic points.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Steiner RM, Gross G, Flicker S, et al. Congenital heart disease in the adult patient. J Thorac Imaging 1995;10:1–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Danza FM, Fusco A, Breda M. Ductus arteriosus aneurysm in an adult. AJR 1984;143:131–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. West JB. Regional differences in gas exchange in the lung in erect man. J Appl Physiol 1962;17:893–898.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kabala JE, Wilde P. Measurement of heart size in the anteroposterior chest radiograph. Br J Radiol 1987;60:981–986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Milne ENC, Burnett K, Aufrichtig D, et al. Assessment of cardiac size on portable chest films. J Thorac Imaging 1988;3:64–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Higgins CB, Reinke RT, Jones WE, et al. Left atrial dimension on the frontal thoracic radiograph: a method for assessing left atrial enlargement. AJR 1978;130:251–255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Carlsson E, Gross R, Hold RG. The radiological diagnosis of cardiac valvar insufficiencies. Circulation 1977;55:921–933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jefferson K, Rees S. Clinical Cardiac Radiology, 2nd ed. Butterworths, London, 1980, pp. 3–24.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Murphy ML, Blue LR, Ferris EJ, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of chest roentgenogram criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy. Invest Radiol 1988;23:853–856.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Berdon WE, Baker DH. Plain film findings in azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava. AJR 1968;104:452–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gutierrez FR, Moran CJ, Ludbrook PA, et al. Pulmonary arterial calcification with reversible pulmonary hypertension. AJR 1980;135:177–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Harrison MO, Conte, PJ, Heitzman ER. Radiological detection of clinically occult cardiac failure following myocardial infarction. Br J Radiol 1971;44:265–272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Grainger RG. Interstitial pulmonary oedema and its radiological diagnosis. A sign of pulmonary venous and capillary hypertension. Br J Radiol 1958;31:201–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Higgins CB. Radiography of acquired heart disease. In: Higgins CB, ed. Essentials of Cardiac Radiology and Imaging. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lasser A. Calcification of the myocardium. Hum Pathol 1983;14:824–826.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Follman DF. Aortic regurgitation. Identifying and treating acute and chronic disease. Postgrad Med 1993;93:83–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Green CE, Kelley MJ, Higgins CB. Etiologic significance of enlargement of the left atrial appendage in adults. Radiology 1982;142:21–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gurney JW, Goodman LR. Pulmonary edema localized in the right upper lobe accompanying mitral regurgitation. Radiology 1989;172:397–399.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stanford W, Galvin JR. The radiology of right heart dysfunction: chest roentgenogram and computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 1989;4:7–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Watanabe AM. Ischemic heart disease. In: Kelly NW, ed. Essentials of Internal Medicine. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1994, pp. 1511–1512.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Higgins CB, Lipton MJ. Radiography of acute myocardial infarction. Radiol Clin North Am 1980;18:359–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Higgins CB, Lipton MJ, Johnson AD, et al. False aneurysms of the left ventricle. Identification of distinctive clinical, radiographic, and angiographic features. Radiology 1978;127:21–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kotler MN, Mintz GS, Panidis I, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of normal and abnormal prosthetic valve function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:151–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wexler L, Brundage B, Crouse J, et al. Coronary artery calcification: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical implications. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 1996;94:1175–1192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rumberger JA, Sheedy PF, Breen JF, et al. Electron beam computed tomography and coronary artery disease: scanning for coronary artery calcification. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:369–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Thompson BH, Stanford W. Imaging of coronary calcification by computed tomography. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004;19:720–733.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Olson MC, Posniak HV, McDonald V, et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the pericardium. Radiographics 1989;9:633–649.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Steiner RM, Rao VM. Radiology of the pericardium. In: Grainger RG, Allison J, eds. Diagnostic Radiology. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1986, pp. 675–689.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Engel PJ. Echocardiography in pericardial disease. Cardiovasc Clin 1983;13:181–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sechtem U, Tscholakoff D, Higgins CB. MRI of the abnormal pericardium. AJR 1986;147:245–252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vaitkus PT, Kussmaul WG. Constrictive pericarditis versus restrictive cardiomyopathy: a reappraisal and update of diagnostic criteria. Am Heart J 1991;122:1431–1441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Carsky EW, Mauceri RA, Azimi R. The epicardial fat pad sign: analysis of frontal and lateral chest radiographs in patients with pericardial effusion. Radiology 1980;137:303–308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chen JTT, Khoury M, Kirks DR. Obscured aortic arch on the lateral view as a sign of coarctation. Radiology 1984;153:595–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Von Schulthess GK, Higashino SM, Higgins SS, et al. Coarctation of the aorta: MR imaging. Radiology 1986;158:469–474.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Whittemore R, Wells JA, Castellsague X. A second generation study of 427 probands with congenital heart disease and their 837 children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1459–1467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bremerich J, Reddy GP, Higgins CB. MRI of supracristal ventricular septal defects. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999;23:13–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Recommended Reading

  1. Lipton MJ, Boxt LM. How to approach cardiac diagnosis from the chest radiograph. Radiol Clin North Am 2004;42:487–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Miller SW, ed. Cardiac Radiology. The Requisites (2nd ed.). Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Steiner RM. Radiology of the heart and great vessels. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (6th ed.). W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2001, pp. 237–272.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reddy, G.P., Steiner, R.M. (2005). Radiology of the Heart. In: Rosendorff, C. (eds) Essential Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-918-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-370-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-918-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics