Skip to main content

Enabling Discovery Through Leveraging and Miniaturizing Pharmaceutical Principles and Processes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Discovering and Developing Molecules with Optimal Drug-Like Properties

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 15))

  • 2196 Accesses

Abstract

The discovery environment is characterized by short timelines, scarce supplies of drug, a wide range of chemical space, suboptimal compounds, and the need to execute in a parallel fashion. These realities in turn can place severe restrictions on the options available to the development and implementation of drug delivery strategies. While one would expect the contrary, these realities do not preclude the use of development-stage formulation technologies, however. The key to success is to adapt the approach appropriately and to recognize that some requirements (e.g., stability, safety, scalability, etc.) are actually relaxed. This chapter shows that in some cases the adaptation is a miniaturization of process and characterization, whereas in other instances it involves using a technology in a less commonly encountered form. The chapter begins by describing the unique requirements of discovery, and how they differ from those in later development. A number of drug formulation and delivery approaches are then introduced, and their application to discovery described in some detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abe C, Tashiro T, Tanaka K, Ogihara R, Morita H (2009) A novel type of implantable and programmable infusion pump for small laboratory animals. J Pharmacol Toxicol 59(1):7–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams DJ, Zheng L, Choo KS, Yang JJ, Wei W, Anchordoquy TJ, Zawia NH, Stevens KE (2008) An initial animal proof-of-concept study for central administration of clozapine to schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 100(1–3):86–96

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi F, Varshosaz J et al (2011) Preparation and in vitro/ in vivo evaluation of dextran matrix tablets of bedesonide in experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Drug Deliv 18:122–130. doi:10.3109/10717544.2010.520352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ain Q, Sharma S et al (2003) Alginate-based oral drug delivery system for tuberculosis: pharmacokinetics and therapy effects. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:931–938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock C, Friesen T et al (2009) Method and device for evaluation of pharmaceutical compositions. US Patent 7611630 B2, 3 Nov 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand N, Leroux J (2012) The journey of a drug-carrier in the body: an anatomo-physiological perspective. J Control Release 161:152–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows R, Collett J et al (1994) The release of drugs from monoglyceride-water liquid crystalline phases. Int J Pharm 111:283–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caron W, Song G, Kumar P et al (2012) Interpatient pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of carrier-mediated anticancer agents. Clin Pharmacol Ther 91:802–812

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casazza A, Kigel B, Maione F, Capparuccia L, Kessler O, Giraudo E, Mazzone M, Neufeld G, Tamagnone L (2012) Tumour growth inhibition and anti-metastatic activity of a mutated furin-resistant Semaphorin 3E isoform. EMBO Mol Med 4(3):234–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chan H, Kwok P (2011) Production methods for nanodrug particles using the bottom-up approach. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63:406–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar S, Iyer LK, Panchal JP, Topp EM, Cannon JB, Ranade VV (2013) Microarrays and microneedle arrays for delivery of peptides, proteins, vaccines and other applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 10(8):1155–1170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen P, Du H (2007) Target validation: a door to drug discovery. Drug Discov Ther 1(1):23–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang P, South S et al (2010) Utilizing a novel tandem oral dosing strategy to enhance exposure of low-solubility drug candidates in a preclinical setting. J Pharm Sci 99(7):3132–3140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang P, South S et al (2011) The impact of dosing interval in a novel tandem oral dosing strategy: Enhancing the exposure of low solubility drug candidates in a preclinical setting. J Drug Deliv 2011:9 pp. doi:10.1155/2011/528284

  • Chiou C, Chan H, Prud’homme R et al (2008) Evaluation on the use of confined liquid impinging jets for the synthesis of nanodrug particles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 34:59–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi B, Park H et al (2002) Preparation of alginate beads for floating drug delivery systems: effects of CO2 gas-forming agents. Int J Pharm 239:81–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi J, Park C, Lee J (2008) Effect of polymer molecular weight on nanocomminution of poorly soluble drug. Drug Deliv 15:347–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley M, Zhang F et al (2007) Pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion: Part 1. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 33:909–9267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curatolo W, Lo J (1995) Gastric retention systems for controlled drug release. Canadian Patent 1,335,351C, 25 Apr 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Curatolo W, Nightingale J et al (2009) Utility of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) for initiation and maintenance of drug supersaturation in the GI milieu. Pharm Res 26:1419–1431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai W (2010) In vitro methods to assess drug precipitation. Int J Pharm 393:1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai W, Xu S (2012) In vitro high-throughput drug precipitation methods for oral formulations. Am Pharm Rev posted online June 25 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis P, Fink GD, Seitz B, Watts SW (2010) Serotonin infusion via the iPrecio® micro infusion pump results in repeated reductions in blood pressure in the normotensive Sprague Dawley rat. FASEB J (Meeting Abstract Supplement) lb551. http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/24/1_MeetingAbstracts/lb551

  • Denkov N, Marinova K, Christova C et al (2000) Mechanisms of action of mixed solid-liquid antifoams: 3. Exhaustion and reactivation. Langmuir 16:2515–2528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deschamps B, Musaji N, Gillespie J (2009) Food effect on the bioavailability of two distinct formulations of megestrol acetate oral suspension. Int J Nanomedicine 4:185–192

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Doane T, Chuang C, Hill R et al (2012) Nanoparticle zeta potentials. Acc Chem Res 45:317–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobry D, Settell D et al (2009) A model-based methodology for spray-drying process development. J Pharm Innov 4:133–142

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly RF, Raj Singh TR, Woolfson AD (2010) Microneedle-based drug delivery systems: microfabrication, drug delivery, and safety. Drug Deliv 17(4):187–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Donoso M, Haskell R, Schartman R (2012) Surfactant choice and the physical stability of nanosuspensions as a function of pH. Int J Pharm 439:1–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorniak P, Bazer FW, Wu G, Spencer TE (2012) Conceptus-derived prostaglandins regulate endometrial function in sheep. Biol Reprod 87(1):9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas F, Fafilmout K, Patt N (1971) Foreign particle embolism in drug addicts: respiratory pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med 75:865–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll D, Etzler F, Barber T et al (2001) Physicochemical assessments of parenteral lipid emulsions: light obscuration versus laser diffraction. Int J Pharm 219:21–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond C, Fong C (2000) Surfactant self assembly objects as novel drug delivery vehicles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 4:449–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DSM (2011) Phytantriol; MSDS No. 0429082. DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ, 22 November 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum G, Pollock-Dove C et al (2006) Preclinical assessment of the feasibility of applying controlled release oral drug delivery to a lead series of typical antipsychotics. J Pharm Sci 95:883–895. doi:10.1002/jps.20550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenyvesi Z, Auner A et al (2009) Preparation of pH-sensitive beads for NSAD using three-component gel system. J Pharm Sci 98(11):4285–4295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari PC, Souza F et al (2013) Development and in vitro evaluation of coated pellets containing chitosan to potential colonic drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym 91:244–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster K, Morgen M et al (2012) Utility of in situ sodium alginate/karaya gum gels to facilitate gastric retention in rodents. Int J Pharm 434:406–412. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.009

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster K, Sun H et al (2013) Utility of gastric retained alginate gels to modulate pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. J Pharm Sci 102(8):2440–2449. doi:10.1002/jps

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraunhofer W, Marra M et al (2013) Sustained release applications in preclinical settings. Paper presented at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition, San Antonio, TX, 13 Nov 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Friesen D, Shanker R et al (2008) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate-based spray-dried dispersions: an overview. Mol Pharm 5:1003–1019

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gan L, Gao Y et al (2013) Novel pH sensitive lipid-polymer composite microspheres of 10-hydroxycamptothecin exhibiting colon specific biodistribution and reduced systemic absorption. J Pharm Sci 102:1752–1759. doi:10.1002/jps

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garg Y, Pathak K (2011) Design and in vitro performance evaluation of purified microparticles of pravastatin sodium for intestinal delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 12:673–682

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Garg G, Saraf S et al (2007) Cubosomes: an overview. Biol Pharm Bull 30:350–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • George M, Abraham T (2006) Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: alginate and chitosan—a review. J Control Release 114:1–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh I, Bose S, Vippagunta R et al (2011) Nanosuspension for improving the bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug and screening of stabilizing agents to inhibit crystal growth. Int J Pharm 409:260–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulari E, Bazzi G, Gluari E et al (1987) Latex particle size distributions from multiwavelength turbidity spectra. Part Part Syst Charact 4:96–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo C, Wang J et al (2010) Lyotropic liquid crystal systems in drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 15:1032–1040

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haskell R (2003) High strength magnetic stir bar. Patent Application WO2003049845, 19 Jun 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskell R (2004) Laboratory scale milling process. US Patent 6,814,319, 9 Nov 2004

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskell R, Shifflet J, Elzinga P (1998) Particle-sizing technologies for submicron emulsions. In: Benita S (ed) Submicron emulsions in drug targeting and delivery, vol 9, Drug targeting and delivery. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 21–98

    Google Scholar 

  • He W, Lu Y, Qi J et al (2013) Food proteins as novel nanosuspension stabilizers for poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 441:269–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennart S, van Hee P, Drouet V et al (2012) Characterization and modeling of a submicron milling process limited by agglomeration phenomena. Chem Eng Sci 71:484–495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry S, McAllister DV, Allen MG, Prausnitz MR (1998) Microfabricated microneedles: a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 87(8):922–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman A, Stepensky D et al (2004) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of gastroretentive dosage forms. Int J Pharm 277:141–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes J, Rees S et al (2011) Principles of early drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 162:1239–1249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hussein MZ, Meihua JT, Fakurazi S, Ithnin H (2013) The evolutionary development in drug discovery and delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 23(3):195–205

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juhnke M, Berghausen J, Timpe C (2010) Accelerated formulation development for nanomilled active pharmaceutical ingredients using a screening approach. Chem Eng Technol 33:1412–1418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapur P, Healy T, Scales P et al (1996) Role of dispersants in kinetics and energetics of stirred ball mill grinding. Int J Miner Process 47:141–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kararli T (1995) Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals. Biopharm Drug Dispos 16:351–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama H, Nishimura T et al (1999) Sustained release liquid preparation using sodium alginate for eradication of Helicobacter pyroli. Biol Pharm Bull 22:55–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keck C, Muller R (2008) Size analysis of submicron particles by laser diffractometry—90% of the published measurements are false. Int J Pharm 355:150–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerker M (1969) The scattering of light and other electromagnetic radiation. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesisoglou F, Amitava M (2012) Crystalline nanosuspensions as potential toxicology and clinical oral formulations for BCS II/IV compounds. AAPS J 4:677–687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khotimchenko Y, Koralev V et al (2001) Physical-chemical properties, physiological activity, and usage of alginates, the polysaccharides of brown algae. Russ J Mar Biol 27(S1):533–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JE, Kang TC (2011) The P2X7 receptor-pannexin-1 complex decreases muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated seizure susceptibility in mice. J Clin Invest 121(5):2037–2047

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Knieke C, Romeis S, Peukert W (2011) Influence of process parameters on breakage kinetics and grinding limit at the nanoscale. AIChE J 57:1751–1758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kremser C, Albrecht K et al (2008) In vivo determination of the time and location of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems disintegration in the GI tract. Magn Reson Imaging 26:638–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo W, Miyazaki S et al (2003) Oral sustained delivery of paracetamol from in situ gelling gellan and sodium alginate formulations. Int J Pharm 258:55–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwong E, Higgins J, Templeton AC (2011) Strategies for bringing drug delivery tools into discovery. Int J Pharm 412(1–2):1–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee K, Nguyen T et al (2009) Nanostructure of liquid crystalline matrix determines in vitro sustained release and in vivo oral absorption kinetics for hydrophilic model drugs. Int J Pharm 365:190–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindfors L, Forssén S et al (2008) Nucleation and crystal growth in supersaturated solutions of a model drug. J Colloid Interface Sci 325:404–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liversidge G, Cundy K, Bishop J et al (1992) Surface modified drug nanoparticles. US Patent 5,145,684, 8 Sep 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo Y, Hsu C et al (2013) pH-and thermo-sensitive pluronic/ poly(acrylic acid) in situ hydrogels for sustained release of an anticancer drug. J Drug Target 21:54–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Lorente A, Simonet B, Valcarcel M (2012) Analysis of nanoparticles based on electrophoretic separations. In: Damia B, Farre M (eds) Comprehensive analytical chemistry, vol 59. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 33–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch HJ, Rivest RW, Wurtman RJ (1980) Artificial induction of melatonin rhythms by programmed microinfusion. Neuroendocrinology 31(2):106–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martanto W, Moore JS, Kashlan O, Kamath R, Wang PM, O’Neal JM, Prausnitz MR (2006) Microinfusion using hollow microneedles. Pharm Res 23(1):104–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLain V (2007) Final report on the safety assessment of phytantriol. Int J Toxicol 26(Suppl 1):107–114. doi:10.1080/10915810601163947

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikszta JA, Haider MI, Pettis RJ (2006) Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery: when will the dream become a reality. In: Wille J (ed) Skin delivery systems. Transdermals, dermatologicals, and cosmetic actives. Blackwell Press, Ames, IA, pp 309–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki S, Kubo W et al (2000) Oral sustained delivery of theophylline using in-situ gelation of sodium alginate. J Control Release 67:275–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgen M, Tye CK, LaChapelle E, Markovich M, Murri B, Millard D, Konagurthu S, Haskell RJ, Su CC, Hageman MJ (2013) Small scale manufacture of modified release coated beads for preclinical drug discovery research. Poster presentation at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists annual meeting and exposition, San Antonio, TX, 10–14 Nov 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Moustafine R, Kemenova V et al (2005) Characteristics of interpolyelectrolyte complexes of Eudragit E 100 with sodium alginate. Int J Pharm 294:113–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy D (2001) Fundamentals of light microscopy and electronic imaging. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen T, Hanley T et al (2010) Phytantriol and glyceryl monooleate cubic liquid crystalline phases as sustained release oral drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs II. In-vivo evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol 62:856–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen T, Hanley T et al (2011) Nanostructured liquid crystalline particles provide long duration sustained-release effect for a poorly water soluble drug after oral administration. J Control Release 153:180–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nophsker M, Haskell R (2010) Shaken not stirred: preparation of submicron suspensions in the discovery setting. Paper presented at the AAPS Northeast Regional Discussion Group, Rocky Hill, CT, 23 April 2010

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa M, Mousoulis C, Ziaie B (2012) Polymeric microdevices for transdermal and subcutaneous drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64(14):1603–1616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oshchepkov S, Sinyuk A (1998) Optical sizing of ultrafine metallic particles: retrieval of particle size distribution from spectral extinction measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 208:137–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozaki S, Minamisono T, Yamashita T et al (2012) Supersaturation—nucleation behavior of poorly soluble drugs and its impact on the oral absorption of drugs in thermodynamically high-energy forms. J Pharm Sci 101:214–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palermo R, Short S et al (2012) Determination of figures of merit for near-infrared, Raman and powder x-ray diffraction by net analyte signal analysis for a compacted amorphous dispersion with spiked crystallinity. J Pharm Innov 7:56–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paliouras GN, Hamilton LK, Aumont A, Joppé SE, Barnab́-Heider F, Fernandes KJL (2012) Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is a key regulator of the transit-amplifying progenitor pool in the adult and aging forebrain. J Neurosci 32(43):15012–15026

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins L, Peer C, Murphy-Hackley P (2000) The use of mini-osmotic pumps in continuous infusion studies. In: Healing G, Smith D (eds) Handbook of preclinical continuous intravenous infusion. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn K, Gullapalli R, Merisko-Liversidge E et al (2012) A formulation strategy for gamma secretase inhibitor ELND006, a BCS class II compound: development of a nanosuspension formulation with improved oral bioavailability and reduced food effects in dogs. J Pharm Sci 101:1462–1474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan S, Schuesse K et al (2003) Formation and stabilization of triclosan colloidal suspension using supersaturated systems. Int J Pharm 261:153–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rastogi R, Sultana Y et al (2007) Alginate microspheres of isoniazid for oral sustained drug delivery. Int J Pharm 334:71–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy J, Nagaraja T et al (2013) Design and characterization of sustained release matrix tablets of glimepiride by using synthetic and natural polymers. Int J Drug Discov Herb Res 3:573–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Reix N, Guhmann P et al (2012) Duodenum-site specific delivery: in vivo assessment of a pharmaceutically developed enteric-coated capsule for broad applicability in rat studies. Int J Pharm 422:338–340. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.017, e-published 13 October 2011

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roche (1999) Safety data sheet for phytantriol. http://euroweb.roche.com/msds/english/0429082.pdf. Accessed Feb 2003

  • Roduner E (2006) Size matters: why nanomaterials are different. Chem Soc Rev 35:583–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sampath Kumar K, Bhowmilk D et al (2012) Sustained release drug delivery system potential. Pharm J 1:46–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Saphier S, Rosner A et al (2010) Gastro intestinal tracking and gastric emptying of solid dosage forms in rats using X-ray imaging. Int J Pharm 388:190–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satapathy T, Panda P et al (2010) Evaluation of anti-GERD activity of gastro retentive drug delivery system of itopride hydrochloride. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 38:200–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer H, Peukert W (2002) Experimental investigation into the influence of mixing on nanoparticle precipitation. Chem Eng Technol 6:657–661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah J, Sadhale Y et al (2001) Cubic phase gels as drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 47:229–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah N, Iver R et al (2013) Improved human bioavailability of vemurafenib, a practically insoluble drug, using an amorphous polymer-stabilized solid dispersion prepared by a solvent-controlled coprecipitation process. J Pharm Sci 102:967–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Kaur I (2011) Development and evaluation of a gastro-retentive delivery system for improved antiulcer activity of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). J Drug Target 19:741–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonaje K, Chen Y et al (2010) Enteric-coated capsules filled with freeze-dried chitosan/poly (γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials 31:3384–3394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stark W (2011) Nanoparticles in biological systems. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:1242–1258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickley R (2013) Drug-in-food as a preclinical efficacy formulation. Paper presented at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition, San Antonio, TX, 13 November 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan T, Tsuru Y (2009) Infusion pumps for small laboratory animals. ALN Magazine, vol May/June. http://www.alnmag.com/article/infusion-pumps-small-laboratory-animals

  • Tan T, Watts SW, Davis RP (2011) Drug delivery: enabling technology for drug discovery and development. iPRECIO® Micro infusion pump: programmable, refillable, and implantable. Front Pharmacol 2:44

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tangsathikulchai C (2003) Effects of slurry concentrations and powder filling on the net mill power of a laboratory ball mill. Powder Technol 137:131–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Theeuwes F, Yum SI (1976) Principles of the design and operation of generic osmotic pumps for the delivery of semisolid or liquid drug formulations. Ann Biomed Eng 4(4):343–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas V, Bhattachar S et al (2006) The road map to oral bioavailability: an industrial perspective. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2:591–608

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thombre A (2005) Assessment of the feasibility of oral controlled release in an exploratory development setting. Drug Discov Today 10:1159–1166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorat A, Dalvi S (2012) Liquid antisolvent precipitation and stabilization of nanoparticles of poorly water soluble drugs in aqueous suspensions: recent developments and future perspective. Chem Eng J 181–182:1–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolla B, Boldridge D (2010) Distortion of single-particle optical sensing (SPOS) particle count by sub-countable particles. Part Part Syst Charact 27:21–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toyota H, Shimogori H, Sugahara K, Yamashita H (2012) A novel treatment for vestibular disorder with FGLM-NH2 plus SSSR. Neurosci Lett 526(2):128–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuan-Mahmood TM, McCrudden MTC, Torrisi BM, McAlister E, Garland MJ, Singh TRR, Donnelly RF (2013) Microneedles for intradermal and transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 50(5):623–637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tye CK, Su CC, Haskell RJ, Morgen M, Markovich M, LaChapelle E, Murri B, Millard D, Konagurthu S, Hageman MJ (2013) Manufacture of modified release coated-beads for a preclinical drug discovery research. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Northeast Regional Discussion Group annual conference, Rocky Hill, CT, 19 Apr 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Tye CK, Su CC, Haskell RJ, Morgen M, Shaffer M, Holenarsipur VK, Sinha J, Rao IR, Palanisamy K, Italia JL, Desai S, Nigam A, Mandlekar S, Desikan S, Hageman MJ (2014) Designer modified release microspheres for preclinical drug discovery research – in vivo performance. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists annual meeting and exposition, San Diego, CA, 2–6 Nov 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Utracki L (1990) Polymer alloys and blends: thermodynamics and rheology. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, p 93

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Eerdenbrugh B, Stuyven B, Froyen L et al (2009) Downscaling drug nanosuspension production: processing aspects and physicochemical characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech 10:44–53

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Eerdenbrugh B, Vermant J, Martens J et al (2010) Solubility increases associated with crystalline drug. Mol Pharm 7:1858

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vehring R (2008) Pharmaceutical engineering via spray drying. Pharm Res 25:999–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Verwey E, Overbeek J (1948) Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids. The interaction of sol particles having an electric double layer. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Villar VAM, Jones JE, Armando I, Asico LD, Escano CS Jr, Lee H, Wang X, Yang Y, Pascua-Crusan AM, Palmes-Saloma CP, Felder RA, Jose PA (2013) Sorting nexin 1 loss results in D5 dopamine receptor dysfunction in human renal proximal tubule cells and hypertension in mice. J Biol Chem 288(1):152–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Villari V, Micali N (2008) Light scattering as spectroscopic tool for the study of disperse systems useful in pharmaceutical sciences. J Pharm Sci 97:1703–1730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vodak D (2012) In vitro tests for reliable selection of active amorphous form and solid dosage form: Methods for quantifying aqueous species and rate and extent of dissolution. Paper presented at predicting in vivo oral drug absorption using bio-relevant in vitro testing: current approaches and future directions symposium, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition, Chicago, IL, 14–18 Oct 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Guo SZ, Bonen A, Li RC, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Zhang SXL, Brittian KR, Gozal D (2011) Monocarboxylate transporter 2 and stroke severity in a rodent model of sleep apnea. J Neurosci 31(28):10241–10248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Zhang J, Wanatabe W (2011) Physical and chemical stability of drug nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63:456–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav S, Liu J, Scherer T et al (2013) Assessment and significance of protein–protein interactions during development of protein biopharmaceuticals. Biophys Rev 5:121–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaretsky DV, Zaretskaia MV, Durant PJ, Rusyniak DE (2012) The use of microinfusion pump to perform intrahypothalamic injections in conscious rats. Neuroscience annual meeting, New Orleans, USA, 13–17 Oct 2012

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roy J. Haskell .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Haskell, R.J., Foster, K.A., Tye, C.K., Morgen, M. (2015). Enabling Discovery Through Leveraging and Miniaturizing Pharmaceutical Principles and Processes. In: Templeton, A., Byrn, S., Haskell, R., Prisinzano, T. (eds) Discovering and Developing Molecules with Optimal Drug-Like Properties. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 15. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1399-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics