Skip to main content

The Use of Biofeedback and Neurofeedback in Pediatric Care

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Biofeedback and hypnosis are complementary techniques, sharing an evidence-based approach and accessing powerful neurophysiological mechanisms. Both approaches are suitable for use with children, when implemented in developmentally appropriate ways, and each facilitates the development of self-regulation. Biofeedback can serve as an adjunct to hypnotherapy, and hypnosis can augment biofeedback treatment. Biofeedback and hypnosis can serve as alternative pathways for patient care or can be integrated into a comprehensive mind–body intervention plan. Common uses for biofeedback in pediatric care include the following: mind–body and affective education, biofeedback-assisted relaxation, neurofeedback for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, biofeedback for medical problems, and neuromuscular education. Mind–body education teaches the child to recognize the effects of the mind—thoughts and feelings on the body. Affective education teaches the child to recognize emotions and cope with emotional responses to life situations. Neuromuscular education retrains muscles to recover movement after injury or illness affecting motor nerve control or central nervous system control of the musculature. In addition, biofeedback is a useful tool for optimal performance applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Basmajian JV. Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Miller NE. Learning of visceral and glandular responses. Science. 1969;163(3866):434–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Engel BT. Clinical applications of operant conditioning techniques in the control of cardiac arrhythmias. Semin Psychiatry. 1973;5(4):433–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kamiya J. Operant control of the EEG alpha rhythm. In: Tart CT, editor. Altered states of consciousness. New York, NY: Wiley; 1969. p. 507–17.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fehmi L, Robbins J. The open-focus brain: harnessing the power of attention to heal mind and body. Boston, MA: Trumpeter Books; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sterman MB. Biofeedback in the treatment of epilepsy. Cleve Clin J Med. 2010;77 Suppl 3:S60–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Peniston EG, Kulkosky PJ. Alpha-theta brainwave neuro-feedback for Vietnam veterans with combat related post-traumatic stress disorder. Med Psychother. 1991;4:47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gruzelier J, Egner T, Vernon D. Validating the efficacy of neurofeedback for optimising performance. Prog Brain Res. 2006;159:421–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Shaffer F, Moss D. Biofeedback. In: Yuan C-S, Bieber EJ, Bauer BA, editors. Textbook of complementary and alternative medicine. 2nd ed. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Informa Healthcare; 2006. p. 291–312.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schwartz MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: a practitioner’s guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lehrer PM, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Lu SE, Scardella A, Siddique M, Habib RH. Biofeedback as a treatment for asthma. Chest. 2004;126(2):352–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hassett AL, Radvanski DC, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Sigal LH, Karavidas MK, Buyske S, Lehrer PM. A pilot study of the efficacy of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback in patients with fibromyalgia. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2007;32(1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Karavidas MK, Lehrer PM, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Marin H, Buyske S, Malinovsky I, Radvanski D, Hassett A. Preliminary results of an open-label study of heart rate variability biofeedback for the treatment of major depression. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2007;32(1):19–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Humphreys PA, Gevirtz RN. Treatment of recurrent abdominal pain: components analysis of four treatment protocols. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;31(1):47–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zucker TL, Samuelson KW, Muench F, Greenberg MA, Gevirtz RN. The effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia biofeedback on heart rate variability and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a pilot study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2009;34(3):135–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Weiskopf N. Real-time fMRI and its application to neurofeedback. Neuroimage. 2012;62(2):682–92. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.009. Epub 2011 Oct 14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thomson L. Harry the hypno-potamus: metaphorical tales for the treatment of children. Norwalk, CT: Crown House; 2005. p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Thompson M, Thompson L. The neurofeedback book. Wheat Ridge, CO: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Thomson L. Metaphorical approaches and techniques for changing habits with children. Workshop conducted at the International Society of Hypnosis, Bremen, Germany, 2012, October.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Culbert TP, Reaney JB, Kohen DP. “Cyberphysiologic” strategies for children: the clinical hypnosis/biofeedback interface. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1994;42(2):97–117.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wickramasekera I. Clinical behavioral medicine. New York, NY: Plenum; 1988.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Wickramasekera I. The high risk model of threat perception and the Trojan horse role induction: somatization and psychophysiological disease. In: Moss D, McGrady A, Davies TC, Wickramasekera I, editors. Handbook of mind-body medicine for primary care. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003. p. 19–42.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Culbert TP, Kajander RL, Reaney JB. Biofeedback with children and adolescents: clinical observations and patient perspectives. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996;17(5):342–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Moss D, Culbert TP, Kajander RL, Reaney JB, editors. Special issue: biofeedback and applied psychophysiology for children and adolescents. Biofeedback. 1998;26(3): 2, 10–35.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Moss D, Culbert TP, Kajander RL, Reaney JB, editors. Special issue: pediatric integrative medicine. Biofeedback. 2003;31(1):2–34.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Olness K. Hypnosis and biofeedback with children and adolescents: clinical, research, and educational aspects. Introduction. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996;17(5):299.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Olness K. Helping children and adults with hypnosis and biofeedback. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75 Suppl 2:S39–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Attanasio V, Andrasik F, Burke EJ, Blake DD, Kabela E, McCarran MS. Clinical issues in utilizing biofeedback with children. Clin Biofeedback Health. 1985;8:134–41.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Olness K. Cyberphysiologic strategies in pediatric practice (biofeedback, self-hypnosis, and relaxation training). Pediatr Ann. 1991;20(3):115–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Andrasik F, Schwartz M. Pediatric headache. In: Schwartz MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: a practitioner’s guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2003. p. 687–95.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nestoriuc Y, Martin A, Rief W, Andrasik F. Biofeedback treatment for headache disorders: a comprehensive efficacy review. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2008;33(3):125–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Trautmann E, Lackschewitz H, Kröner-Herwig B. Psychological treatment of recurrent headache in children and adolescents – a meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(12):1411–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Monastra V, Lynn S, Linden M, Lubar JF, Gruzelier J, LaVaque TJ. Electroencephalographic biofeedback in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2005;30(2):95–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Desantis DJ, Leonard MP, Preston MA, Barrowman NJ, Guerra LA. Effectiveness of biofeedback for dysfunctional elimination syndrome in pediatrics: a systematic review. J Pediatr Urol. 2011;7(3):342–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ritz T, Dahme B, Roth WT. Behavioral interventions in asthma: biofeedback techniques. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56(6):711–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Benore E, Banez G. Who are we and what are we doing? A survey of biofeedback professionals working with children. Biofeedback. 2013;41(2):56–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Yucha C, Montgomery D. Evidence-based practice in biofeedback and neurofeedback. Wheat Ridge, CO: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sowder E, Gevirtz R, Shapiro W, Ebert C. Restoration of vagal tone: a possible mechanism for functional abdominal pain. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2010;35(3):199–206. doi:10.1007/s10484-010-9128-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Knox M, Lentini J, Cummings TS, McGrady A, Whearty K, Sancrant L. Game-based biofeedback for paediatric anxiety and depression. Ment Health Fam Med. 2011;8(3):195–203.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Nassau J. Relaxation training and biofeedback in the treatment of childhood anxiety. Brown Univ Child Adolescent Behav Lett. 2007;23(12):1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Coben R. Connectivity-guided neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder. Biofeedback. 2007;35(4):131–5.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Coben R, Myers TE. The relative efficacy of connectivity guided and symptom based EEG biofeedback for autistic disorders. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2010;35(1):13–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Thompson L, Thompson M, Reid A. Functional neuroanatomy and the rationale for using EEG biofeedback for clients with Asperger’s syndrome. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2010;35(1):39–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sterman MB. Epilepsy and its treatment with EEG feedback therapy. Ann Behav Med. 1986;8:21–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Lubar JF, Shouse MN. EEG and behavioral changes in a hyperkinetic child concurrent with training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR): a preliminary report. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1976;1:293–306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lubar JF. Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1991;16(3):201–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lubar JF, Swartwood MO, Swartwood JN, O’Donnell PH. Evaluation of the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training for ADHD in a clinical setting as measured by changes in T.O.V.A. scores, behavioral ratings, and WISC-R performance. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1995;20(1):83–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lubar JF. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Moss D, McGrady A, Davies TC, Wickramasekera I, editors. Handbook of mind-body medicine for primary care. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003. p. 347–57.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. American Academy of Pediatrics. Evidence-based child and adolescent psychosocial interventions. Community Resources; 2012. http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Mental-Health/Documents/CRPsychosocialInterventions.pdf. Last Accessed on 15 Feb 2013.

  50. Lubar J, editor. Quantitative EEG databases for neurotherapy: description, validation, and activation. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Medical Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Moorman JE, Akinbami LJ, Bailey CM, Zahran HS, King ME, Johnson CA, Liu X. National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001–2010. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 2012;3(35). DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2013–1419.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Lehrer PM, Siddique M, Feldman J, Giardino N. Asthma. In: Moss D, McGrady A, Davies TC, Wickramasekera I, editors. Handbook of mind-body medicine for primary care. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003. p. 235–48.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  53. Lehrer P, Feldman J, Giardino N, Song HS, Schmaling K. Psychological aspects of asthma. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70(3):691–711.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kazuma N, Otsuka K, Matsuoka I, Murata M. Heart rate variability during 24 hours in asthmatic children. Chronobiol Int. 1997;14(6):597–606.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Abu-Arafeh I, Razak S, Sivaraman B, Graham C. Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(12):1088–97. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Larsson B. Prognosis of recurrent headaches in childhood and adolescence. In: Guidetti V, Russell G, Sillanpää M, Winner P, editors. Headache and migraine in childhood and adolescence. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002. p. 203–14.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Integration of behavioral and relaxation approaches into the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. NIH Technology Assessment Panel on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. JAMA. 1996;276(4):313–8.

    Google Scholar 

  58. National Headache Foundation. Standards of care for headache diagnosis and treatment. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: National Headache Foundation; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Jacobson E. Progressive relaxation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Shultz JH. Autogenic training: a psychophysiologic approach in psychotherapy. New York, NY: Grune and Stratton; 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Krebs DE, Fagerson TL. Biofeedback in neuromuscular reeducation and gait training. In: Schwartz MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: a practitioner’s guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2003. p. 485–514.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Brucker BS, Bulaeva NV. Biofeedback effect on electromyography response in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(2):133–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Wolf SL, Fischer-Williams M. The use of biofeedback in disorders of motor function. In: Hatch JP, Fisher JG, Rugh JD, editors. Biofeedback: studies in clinical efficacy. New York, NY: Springer; 1987. p. 153–77.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  64. Bolek JE. Some reflections on learning theory, surface electromyography and motor learning. Biofeedback. 2001;29(3):23–6.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bolek JE. Uncommon surface electromyography. Biofeedback. 2010;38(2):52–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Bolek JE. Use of multiple-site performance-contingent SEMG reward programming in pediatric rehabilitation: a retrospective review. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2006;31(3):263–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Moss D. Biofeedback, mind-body medicine, and the higher limits of human nature. In: Moss D, editor. Humanistic and transpersonal psychology: a historical and biographical sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; 1999. p. 145–61.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Edmonds WA, Tenenbaum G, editors. Case studies in applied psychophysiology: neurofeedback and biofeedback treatments for advances in human performance. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Strack BW, Linden MK, Wilson V, editors. Biofeedback and neurofeedback applications in sport psychology. Wheat Ridge, Co: AAPB; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Moss D, Wilson V. Foreword: the use of general biofeedback in the pursuit of optimal performance. In: Edmonds WA, Tenenbaum G, editors. Case studies in applied psychophysiology: neurofeedback and biofeedback treatments for advances in human performance. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Wilson VE, Peper E, Moss D. ‘The Mind Room’ in Italian soccer training: the use of biofeedback and neurofeedback for optimum performance. Biofeedback. 2006;34(3):79–81.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lagos L, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Lehrer P, Bates M, Pandina R. Heart rate variability biofeedback as a strategy for dealing with competitive anxiety: a case study. Biofeedback. 2008;36(3):109–15.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Trechak AA. Biofeedback/mindfulness training for the advanced high school musician. Biofeedback. 2011;39(3):127–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Tattenbaum R. William’s story: a case study in optimal performance. Biofeedback. 2011;40(1):21–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Adderholdt M, Goldberg J. Perfectionism: what’s so bad about being too good? Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Bolek JE. Habilitating a smile. Biofeedback. 2012;40(2):57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. McGrady A, Moss D. Pathways to illness, pathways to health. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald P. Moss PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moss, D.P. (2014). The Use of Biofeedback and Neurofeedback in Pediatric Care. In: Anbar, R. (eds) Functional Symptoms in Pediatric Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8074-8_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8074-8_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-8073-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-8074-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics