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Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes

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Studies in Diabetes

Abstract

This chapter reviews the impact of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes in diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes has markedly increased worldwide and continues to rise. CVD is the major cause of death in individuals with diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests a central role for oxidative stress in promoting endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage in diabetes. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells or tissues to detoxify the free radicals produced during metabolic activity is tilted in the favor of the former. The possible sources for the overproduction of ROS in diabetes are widespread and include mitochondrial superoxide production in endothelial cells and in the myocardium, enzymatic pathways, and auto-oxidation of glucose. Atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes are caused in part by pathway-selective insulin resistance, which increases mitochondrial ROS production from free fatty acids and by inactivation of antiatherosclerosis enzymes by ROS. Therapies interrupting these oxidative pathways in vascular tissue might help prevent CVD in this vulnerable population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 5329 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA

    Rodica Pop-Busui

  2. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Mitali Mehta

  3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Subramaniam Pennathur

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  1. Rodica Pop-Busui
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  2. Mitali Mehta
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  3. Subramaniam Pennathur
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Correspondence to Rodica Pop-Busui .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Louisiana State University Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Irina Obrosova

  2. Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brimingham, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Martin J. Stevens

  3. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

    Mark A. Yorek

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Pop-Busui, R., Mehta, M., Pennathur, S. (2014). Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. In: Obrosova, I., Stevens, M., Yorek, M. (eds) Studies in Diabetes. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8035-9_11

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