Abstract
This quote from Machiavelli captures the spirit of much that has been written about the creation of alternative settings. There are no data on the incidence of failure in the creation of alternatives, but the literature on this topic implies that it is quite high. New settings usually begin with great expectations, but hope frequently gives way to disillusionment within a relatively short time (Sarason, 1972). Nevertheless, there have been some notable exceptions: alternative settings that not only survived, but remained true to their original spirit. What, then, are the factors that influence the ultimate success or failure of alternative settings? If the creation of alternative settings is to be a viable intervention strategy in community psychology, this is a crucial question to address
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albee, G. W. (1959). Mental health manpower trends New York: Basic Books
Alderfer, C. P. (1980). Consulting to underbounded systems. In C. P. Alderfer & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Advances in experiential social processes, Vol. 2 (pp. 267–295). New York: Wiley
Bartunek, J. M., & Betters-Reed, B. L. 1987). The stages of organizational creation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15,287–304
Bass, B. M. (1991). Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, rev. ed. New York: Free Press
Brager, G., & Holloway, S. (1978). Changing human service organizations: Politics and practice New York: Free Press
Chambre, S. M. (1995). Creating new nonprofit organizations as a response to social change: HIV/AIDS organizations in New York City. Policy Studies Review, 14, 117–126
Cherniss, C. (1972). New settings in the university Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University, New Haven,CT
Cherniss, C. (1977). Creating new consultation programs in community mental health centers: Analysis of a case study. Community Mental Health Journal, 13, 133–141
Cherniss, C. (1998). The problem of teacher burnout in educational reform efforts. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA, August 18
Cherniss, C., & Cherniss, D. (1987). Professional involvement in self-help groups for parents of high-risk newborns. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 435–444
Colarelli, N. O., & Siegel, S. M. (1966). Ward H: An adventure in innovation New York: Van Nostrand
Frank, S. J. (1982). Advocacy for community-based organizations: Definition deficits, boundary binds, and measurement messes Paper presented at the Annual Convention, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C
Goldenberg, I. I. (1971). Build me a mountain: Youth, poverty; and the creation of new settings Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Greiner, L. E. (1972). Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review, 50(4), 37–46
Holleb, G. P., & Abrams, W. H. (1975). Alternatives in community mental health Boston: Beacon
Holloway, M. (1966). Heavens on earth: Utopian communities in America, 1680–1880. New York: Dover
Jason, L. A., & Kobayashi, R. B. (1995). Community building: Our next frontier. Journal of Primary Prevention, 15, 195–208
Kanter, R. M. (1972). Commitment and community: Communes and utopias in sociological perspective Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Kanter, R. M., & Zurcher, L. A. (1973). Concluding statement: Evaluating alternatives and alternative valuing. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 9, 381–397
Kelly, J. G. (1987). Preserving the efficacy of policy reform organizations: Reflections from two case studies Paper presented at the First Biennial Conference on Community Research and Action. Columbia, SC, May 20–22
Mansbridge, J.J (1973). Time, emotion, and inequality: Three problems of participatory groups. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 9, 351–367
May, R. (1975). The courage to create New York: Norton
Moos, R. H. (1974). Evaluating treatment environments: A social ecological approach New York: Wiley
Perkins, D. N. T., Nieva, V. F., & Lawler, E. E., III. (1983). Managing creation: The challenge of building a new organization New York: Wiley
Rappaport, J., Seidman, E., & Davidson, W. S. (1979). Demonstration research and manifest versus true adoption. In R. F. Munoz, L. R. Snowden, & J. G. Kelly (Eds.), Social and psychological research in community settings (pp. 101–131). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Reinharz, S. (1984). Alternative settings and social change. In K. Heller, R. H. Price, S. Reinharz, S. Riger, & A. Wandersman (Eds.), Psychology and community change (2nd ed., pp. 286–336). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press
Riger, S. (1984). Vehicles for empowerment: The case of feminist movement organizations. Prevention in Human Services,3, 99–118
Sarason, S. B. (1972). The creation of settings and the future societies San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Sarason, S. B., Levine, M., Goldenberg, I. I., Cherlin, D. L., & Bennett, E. M. (1966). Psychology in community settings: Clinical, vocational, educational,and social aspects New York: Wiley
Sarason, S. B., & Lorentz, E. (1979). The challenge of the resource exchange network San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Sarason, S. B., Zitnay, G., & Grossman, F. K. (1971). The creation of a community setting Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press
Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research New York: Free Press
Trickett, E. J. (1991). Living an idea: Empowerment and the evolution of an alternative high school Boston: Brookline Books
Van de Ven, A. H., Hudson, R., & Schroeder, D. M. (1984). Designing new business startups: Entrepreneurial, organizational, and ecological considerations. Journal of Management, 10, 87–107
Wanous, J. P. (1980). Organizational entry Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization New York: Free Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cherniss, C., Deegan, G. (2000). The Creation of Alternative Settings. In: Rappaport, J., Seidman, E. (eds) Handbook of Community Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6881-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4193-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive