Abstract
This chapter surveys the interactions between structural and geotechnical engineering in earthquake-resistant design. The effects of the local site conditions and geology are presented as applied in the Uniform Building Code and in the new International Building Code. Methods of characterizing the site conditions, as well as consideration of near-source effects, are discussed. This chapter also addresses the issues of soil liquefaction. Methods of analysis for soil liquefaction are presented, incorporating various techniques generally accepted by the profession. The consequences resulting from liquefaction, namely liquefaction-induced settlement, lateral spreading, and loss of bearing capacity, are presented as well as methods of estimating these effects. Various methods and strategies to mitigate the effects of soil liquefaction are presented as well as the merits of each. The latter part of the chapter discusses other geologic-seismic hazards, including seismic settlement, landsliding, tsunamis, and earthquake fault rupture. There is also a discussion of soil-structure interaction and design of walls below grade for seismic earth pressures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, 1976 Edition, Whittier, California.
International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, 1985 Edition, Whittier, California.
International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, 1988 Edition, Whittier, California.
International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, 1994 Edition, Whittier, California.
International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, 1997 Edition, Whittier, California.
Seismology Committee, Structural Engineers Association of California, Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary, Sixth Edition, Sacramento, California, 1996.
Federal Emergency management agency, NEHRP Recommended provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, 1997 Edition, FEMA302, Washington, D.C.
International Conference of Building Officials, Maps of Known Active Fault Nearing Source Zones in California and Adjacent Portions of Nevada, Whittier, California, 1988.
Lew, Marshall and Bonneville, David, New Building Code Requirements for the Seismic Design of Tall Buildings Near Active Faults, Proceedings, Fourth Conference on Tall Buildings in Seismic Regions, Los Angeles, California, 1997.
International Code Council, International Building Code, 2000 Edition.
Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., and Chung, R.M., The Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil Liquefaction Resistance Evaluations, University of California Berkeley, Report No. UCB/EERC-84-15, October 1984.
Youd, T.L. and Idriss, I.M., Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Technical Report NCEER-97-0022, 1997.
Seed, H.B., Idriss, I.M., and Arango, I., “Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Using Field Performance Data,” Journal of the Geotechnical Division, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 3, March 1983.
Seed, H.B., and Idriss, I.M., “Ground Motions and Soil Liquefaction During Earthquakes,” Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, California, 1982.
Ishihara, K. And Yoshimine, M., Evaluation of Settlements in Sand Deposits Following Liquefaction During Earthquakes, Soils and Foundations, Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 1, March 1992.
Youd, L.T., “Major Cause of Earthquake Damage is Ground Failure,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 47–51, April, 1978.
Youd, L.T., “Ground Failure Displacement and Earthquake Damage to Buildings,” Proceedings, 2nd ASCE Conference on Civil Engineering and Nuclear Power, Knoxville, Tennessee, September, 1980.
Ishihara, K., “Stability of Natural Deposites During Earthquakes,” Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, 1985.
Youd, L.T., and Garris, C.T., “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Surface Disruption,” Fifth United States-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Liquefaction, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research Technical Report, Tokyo, Japan, 1994
Prevost, J.H., “DYNA-FLOW: A Nonlinear Transient Finite Element Analysis Program,” Report No. 81-SM-l, Department of Civil Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., 1981.
Finn, W.E.L. and Yogendrakumar, M., “TARA-3FL: Program for Analysis of Liquefacion Induced Flow Deformations,” Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1989.
Newmark, N.M., “Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments,” Geotechnique, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1965.
Byrne, P.M., Jitno, H., and Salgado, F., “Earthquake Induced Displacement of Soil-Structures Systems,” Proceedings, 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid, Spain, 1992.
Bartlett, S.F. and Youd, T.L., “Empirical Analysis of Horizontal Ground Displacement Generated by Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread,” National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Technical Report NCEER-92-0021, 1992.
National Research Council, “Liquefaction of Soils During Earthquakes,” National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1985.
Hayden, R.F., “Utilization of Liquefaction Countermeasures in North America,” Fifth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Chicago, July 1994.
Hayden, R.F. and Baez, J.I., “State of Practice for Liquefaction Mitigation in North America,” Fifth United States-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Liquefaction, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research Technical Report, Tokyo, Japan, 1994
Brown, R.E., “Vibroflotation Compaction of Cohesionless Soils,” Journal of Geotechnical Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. GT12, pp. 1437–1451, December, 1977.
Ishihara, K., Iwasake, Y., and Nakajima, M., “Liquefaction Characteristics of Sand Deposits at an Oil Tank Site During the 1978 Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake,” Soil and Foundations, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 97–111, June, 1980.
Slocombe, B.C., “Dynamic Compaction,” Chapter 2 in Ground Improvement, M.P. Moseley (ed.), Blackie Academic & Professional, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow, 1993.
Taki, O. and Yang, D.S., “Soil-Cement Mixed Wall Technique,” ASCE, Geotechnical Engineering Congress, Boulder, Colorado, 1991. 3–32.
Pujol-Rius, A., Griffin, P., Neal, J., and Taki, O., “Foundation Stabilization of Jackson Lake Dam,” 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Brazil, 1989.
Babasaki, R., Suzuki, K., Saitoh, S., Suzuki, Y., and Tokitoh, K., “Construction and Testing of Deep Foundation Improvement Using the Deep Cement Mixing Method,” in Deep Foundation Improvments: Design, Construction, and Testing, ASTM STP 1089, Philadelphia, 1991.
Hunt, R.E., “Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1984.
Whitman, R.V., and DePablo, P.O., “Densification of Sand by Vertical Vibrations,” Proceedings, 4th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, 1980.
Lambe, W.T., and Whitman, R.V., “Soil Dynamics,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1969.
Tokimatsu, K. and Seed, H.B., “Evaluation of Settlements in Sands due to Earthquake Shaking,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 8, August 1987.
Seed, H.B. and Idriss, I.M., “Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potential,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. SM9, 1971.
Seed, H.B., and Wilson, S.D., “The Turnagain Heights Landslide, Anchorage, Alaska,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. SM4, pp. 325–353, July, 1967.
Legget, R.F., and Karrow, P.F., “Handbook of Geology in Civil Engineering,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1983
Wiegel, R.E. (editor), “Earthquake Engineering,” Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970.
Seed, H. B., “Earthquake Effects on Soil-Foundation Systems,” in Foundation Engineering Handbook, H.F. Winterkorn and H.Y. Fang (editors), Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1975.
Wolf, J.P., “Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction,” Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1985.
Hart, E.W., “Fault-rupture hazard zones in California,” California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 42, Revised 1994.
Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Foundations & Earth Structures, Design Manual 7.02, Alexandria, Virginia, 1986.
Seed, H.B., and Whitman, R.V., “Design of Earth Retaining Structures for Dynamic Loads,” Proceedings of ASCE Specialty Conference on Lateral Stresses in the Ground and Design of Earth Retaining Structures, Ithaca, New York, pp 103–47, 1970.
Prakash, S., “Soil Dynamics,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1981.
Whitman, R.V., “Seismic design behavior of gravity retaining walls,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, Geotechnical Specialty Publication 25, ASCE, New York, 1990.
Elms, D.G, and Martin, G.R., Factors Involved in the Seismic Design of Bridge Abutments, Applied Technology Council Workshop on Earthquake Resistance of Highway Bridges, ATC-6-1, 1979.
Kramer, Steven L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lew, M. (2001). Geotechnical Design Considerations. In: Naeim, F. (eds) The Seismic Design Handbook. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1693-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1693-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5681-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1693-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive