Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Human Uteroplacental Lactogens: Physiology and Molecular Biology

  • Chapter
Prolactin

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 12))

Abstract

The human uteroplacental unit synthesizes and secretes three lactogenic hormones - placental lactogen (hPL), growth hormone-variant (hGH-V) and decidual prolactin (PRL). The three hormones, which evolved from a common ancestral molecule, have striking homologies in their chemical and biological properties. The hormones bind to both lactogenic (prolactin) and somatotrophic (growth hormone) receptors and exert many physiologic actions that are critical for the regulation of maternal and fetal metabolism and the growth of the fetus. HPL and hGH-V are synthesized and secreted by the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta, while decidual PRL is synthesized and secreted by decidual cells, the predominant cells that line the uterus during pregnancy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Handwerger S FM. The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000;13:343–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Freemark M. The roles of growth hormone, prolactin and placental lactogen in human fetal development. In: Handwerger S, ed. Molecular and Cellular Pediatric Endocrinology. Totowa, NJ: Human Press; 1999:57–84.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Richards RGH, S. Physiology and molecular biology of placental lactogen in human pregnancy. In: Handwerger S, ed. Molecular and Cellular Pediatric Endocrinology. Totowa, NJ: Human Press; 1999:253–270.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ogren L, Talamantes F. Prolactins of pregnancy and their cellular source. Int Rev Cytol. 1988;112:1–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alsat E, Guibourdenche J, Couturier A, Evain-Brion D. Physiological role of human placental growth hormone. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;140:121–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM, Shepard TH. The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. I. Growth hormone and insulin. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1972;51:3080–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Handwerger S. Clinical counterpoint: the physiology of placental lactogen in human pregnancy. Endocr Rev. 1991;12:329–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL, Sciarra JJ, Burr IM. Chorionic growth hormone-prolactin (CGP): secretion, disposition, biologic activity in man, and postulated function as the “growth hormone” of the 2d half of pregnancy. 1968;148:501–531.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ursell W, Brudenell M, Chard T. Placental lactogen levels in diabetic pregnancy. Br Med J. 1973;2:80–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Josimovich JB. Placental protein hormones in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1973;16:46–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lindberg BS, Nilsson BA. Human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in abnormal pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1973;80:1046–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Frankenne F, Closset J, Gomez F, Scippo ML, Smal J, Hennen G. The physiology of growth hormones (GHs) in pregnant women and partial characterization of the placental GH variant.J. Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 1988;66:1171–1180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mirlesse V, Frankenne F, Alsat E, Poncelet M, Hennen G, Evain-Brion D. Placental growth hormone levels in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res. 1993;34:439–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Handwerger S. Clinical counterpoint: the physiology of placental lactogen in human pregnancy. Endocrine Reviews. 1991;12:329–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hill DJ, Freemark M, Strain AJ, Handwerger S, Milner RD. Placental lactogen and growth hormone receptors in human fetal tissues: relationship to fetal plasma human placental lactogen concentrations and fetal growth. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1988;66:1283–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. MacLeod JN, Worsley I, Ray J, Friesen HG, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE. Human growth hormone-variant is a biologically active somatogen and lactogen. Endocrinology. 1991;128:1298–1302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Freemark M, Comer M, Korner G, Handwerger S. A unique placental lactogen receptor: implications for fetal growth. Endocrinology. 1987;120:1865–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hurley TW, D’Ercole AJ, Handwerger S, Underwood LE, Furlanetto RW, Fellows RE. Ovine placental lactogen induces somatomedin: a a possible role in fetal growth. Endocrinology. 1977;101:1635–1638.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Furlanetto RW, Underwood LE, Van Wyk JJ, Handwerger S. Serum immunoreactive somatomedin-C is elevated late in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978;47:695–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gluckman PD, Uthne K, Styne DM, Kaplan SL, Rudolph AM, Grumbach MM. Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. IV. Serum somatomedin activity in the fetal and neonatal lamb and pregnant ewe: correlation with maternal and fetal growth hormone, prolactin, and chorionic somatomammotropin. Pediatr Res. 1979;13:194–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Daughaday WH, Kapadia M. Maintenance of serum somatomedin activity in hypophysectomized pregnant rats. Endocrinology. 1978;102:1317–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Butler SR, Hurley TW, Schanberg SM, Handwerger S. Ovine placental lactogen stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in brain and liver of neonatal rats. Life Sciences. 1978;22:2073–2078.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Freemark M, Handwerger S. Ovine placental lactogen stimulates amino acid transport in rat diaphragm. Endocrinology. 1982;110:2201–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Adams SO, Nissley SP, Handwerger S, Rechter MM. Developmental patterns of insulin-like growth factor-I and -II synthesis and regulation in rat fibroblasts. Nature. 1983;302:150–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hill DJ, Crace CJ, Milner RD. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine by isolated fetal myoblasts and fibroblasts in response to human placental lactogen (HPL): possible mediation of HPL action by release of immunoreactive SM-C. J Cell Physiol. 1985;125:337–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Freemark M, Handwerger S. Synergistic effects of oPL and insulin on glycogen metabolism in fetal rat hepatocytes. American Journal of Physiology. 1984;247:E714–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gluckman PD. The role of pituitary hormones, growth factors and insulin in the regulation of fetal growth. Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology. 1986;8:1–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gluckman PD, Gunn AJ, Wray A, Cutfield WS, Chatelain PG, Guilbaud O, Ambler GR, Wilton P, Albertsson-Wikland K. Congenital idiopathic growth hormone deficiency associated with prenatal and early postnatal growth failure. The International Board of the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study. Journal of Pediatrics. 1992;121:920–923.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Palmiter RD, Norstedt G, Gelinas RE, Hammer RE, Brinster RL. Metallothioneinhuman GH fusion genes stimulate growth of mice. Science. 1983;222:809–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED. Regulation of baboon fetal adrenal androgen production by adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone. Biology of Reproduction. 1985;33:545–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mendelson CR, Snyder JM. Role of prolactin, cortisol, and insulin in the regulation of surfactant synthesis by the human fetal lung. Pediatr.Pulmonol. 1985;1:S91–S98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dvir R, Golander A, Jaccard N, Yedwab G, Otremski I, Spirer Z, Weisman Y. Amniotic fluid and plasma levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein and hormonal modulation of its secretion by amniotic fluid cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995;133:277–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Seyoum G, Robertson MC, Persaud TV, Paterson JA, Shiu RP. Influence of rat placental lactogen-I on the development of whole rat embryos in culture. J Endocrinol. 1999;160:231–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nielsen PV, Pedersen H, Kampmann EM. Absence of human placental lactogen in an otherwise uneventful pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979;135:322–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wurzel JM, Parks JS, Herd JE, Nielsen PV. A gene deletion is responsible for absence of human chorionic somatomammotropin. DNA 1982;1:251–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wohlk P, Nexo E, Jorgensen EH, Chemnitz J, Nielsen PV, Parks JS. Low or absent serum placental lactogen hormone in 2 normal pregnancies. Ugeskr Laeger. 1984;146:727–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rygaard K, Revol A, Esquivel-Escobedo D, Beck BL, Barrera-Saldana HA. Absence of human placental lactogen and placental growth hormone (HGH- V) during pregnancy: PCR analysis of the deletion. Hum Genet. 1998;102:87–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Eggermann T, Eggermann K, Mergenthaler S, Kuner R, Kaiser P, Ranke MB, Wollmann HA. Paternally inherited deletion of CSH1 in a patient with Silver-Russell syndrome. J Med Genet. 1998;35:784–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Petit A, Guillon G, Tence M, Jard S, Gallo-Payet N, Bellabarba D, Lehoux JG, Belisle S. Angiotensin II stimulates both inositol phosphate production and human placental lactogen release from human trophoblastic cells. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 1989;69:280–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Handwerger S, Wilson SP, Tyrey L, Conn PM. Biochemical evidence that human placental lactogen and chorionic gonadotropin are not stored in cytoplasmic granules. Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology. 1987;37:28–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Handwerger S, Richards RG, Myers SE. Novel regulation of the synthesis and release of human placental lactogen by high density lipoproteins. Trophoblast research; 1994:339–354.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Handwerger S, Myers S, Richards R, Richardson B, Turzai L, Moeykins C, Meyer T, Anantharamahiah GM. Apolipoprotein A-I stimulates placental lactogen expression by human trophoblast cells. Endocrinology. 1995;136:5555–5560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Grandis A, Jorgensen V, Kodack L, Quarfordt S, Handwerger S. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) stimulate placental lactogen secretion in pregnant ewes: further evidence for a role of HDL in placental lactogen secretion during pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology. 1989;120:423–427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Rosing U, Samsioe G, Olund A, Johansson B, Kallner A. Serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and HDL-cholesterol in second half of normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia. Hormone & Metabolic Research. 1989;21:376–382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Handwerger S, Datta G, Richardson B, Schmidt CM, Siddigi T, Turzai L, Anantharamaiah GM. Pre-beta-HDL stimulates placental lactogen release from human trophoblast cells. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:E384–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wu YQ, Jorgensen EV, Handwerger S. High density lipoproteins stimulate placental lactogen release and adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP) production in human trophoblast cells: evidence for cAMP as a second messenger in human placental lactogen release. Endocrinology. 1988;123:1879–1884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wu YQ, Handwerger S. High density lipoproteins stimulate molecular weight 80K protein phosphorylation in human trophoblast cells: evidence for a protein kinase-Cdependent pathway in human placental lactogen release. Endocrinology. 1992;131:2935–2940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kanda Y, Richards RG, Handwerger S. Apolipoprotein A-I stimulates human placental lactogen release by activation of MAP kinase. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;143:125–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Stephanou A, Handwerger S. Interleukin-6 stimulates placental lactogen expression by human trophoblast cells. Endocrinology. 1994;135:719–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Stephanou A, Handwerger S. The nuclear factor NF-IL6 activates human placental lactogen gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;206:215–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Stephanou A, Ross R, Handwerger S. Regulation of human placental lactogen expression by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrinology. 1994;135:2651–2656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Stephanou A, Handwerger S. Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone regulate placental lactogen expression in human trophoblast cells. Endocrinology. 1995;136:933–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Stephanou A, Handwerger S. Identification of a composite steroid hormone response element on the human placental lactogen promoter. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1995;112:123–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. De Zegher F, Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx M, Spitz B, Faijerson Y, Blomberg F, Beckers A, Hennen G, Frankenne F. Perinatal growth hormone (GH) physiology: effect of GH-releasing factor on maternal and fetal secretion of pituitary and placental GH. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1990;71:520–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Golos T, Durning M, Fisher J, Johnson K, Nadeau K, Blackwell R. Developmentally regulated expression of the rhesus placental growth hormone-variant gene: cloning and cAMP-stimulated transcription in primary syncytiotrophoblast cultures. Endocrine. 1994;2:537–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Nickel BE, Bock ME, Nachtigal MW, Cattini PA. Differential expression of human placental growth hormone variant and chorionic somatomammotropin genes in choriocarcinoma cells treated with methotrexate. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1993;91:159–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Patel N, Alsat E, Igout A, Baron F, Hennen G, Porquet D, Evain-Brion D. Glucose inhibits human placental GH secretionin vitro. JClin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1743–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Jones BK, Monks BR, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE. The human growth hormone gene is regulated by a multicomponent locus control region. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15:7010–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Igout A, Scippo ML, Frankenne F, Hennen G. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of placental hGH-V cDNA. Arch Int Physiol Biochim. 1988;96:63–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Cooke NE, Ray J, Emery JG, Liebhaber SA. Two distinct species of human growth hormone-variant mRNA in the human placenta predict the expression of novel growth hormone proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1988;263:9001–9006.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Richardson BD, Langland RA, Bachurski CJ, Richards RG, Kessler CA, Cheng Y, Handwerger S. Activator protein-2 regulates human placental lactogen gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;160:183–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Stephanou A, Sarlis NJ, Richards R, Handwerger S. Expression of retinoic acid receptor subtypes and cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II mRNAs during differentiation of human trophoblast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;202:772–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Daly DC, Maslar IA, Riddick DH. Term decidua response to estradiol and progesterone. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1983;145:679–683.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Maslar IA, Kaplan BM, Luciano AA, Riddick DH. Prolactin production by the endometrium of early human pregnancy. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 1980;51:78–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Meuris S, Soumenkoff G, Malengreau A, Robyn C. Immunoenzymatic localization of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in decidual cells of the endometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women. J.Histochem.Cytochem. 1980;28:1347–1350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Maslar IA, Ansbacher R. Effects of progesterone on decidual prolactin production by organ cultures of human endometrium. Endocrinology. 1986;118:2102–2108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Golander A, Hurley T, Barrett J, Hizi A, Handwerger S. Prolactin synthesis by human chorion-decidual tissue: a possible source of prolactin in the amniotic fluid. Science. 1978;202:311–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Riddick DH, Kusmik WF. Decidua: a possible source of amniotic fluid prolactin. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1977;127:187–190.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Riddick DH, Luciano AA, Kusmik WF, Maslar IA. Evidence for a nonpituitary source of amniotic fluid prolactin. Fertility & Sterility. 1979;31:35–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Josimovich J. The role of pituitary prolactin in fetal and amniotic fluid water and salt balance. In: Grosignani PG RC, ed. Prolactin and Human Reproduction. London: Academic Press; 1977:27–41.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Handwerger S, Richards RG, Markoff E. The physiology of decidual prolactin and other decidual protein hormones. Trends Endocrinol.Metab. 1992;3:91–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Golander A, Kopel R, Lazebnik N, Frenkel Y, Spirer Z. Decreased prolactin secretion by decidual tissue of pre-eclampsiain vitro.Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1985;108:111–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Pullano JG, Cohen-Addad N, Apuzzio JJ, Ganesh VL, Josimovich JB. Water and salt conservation in the human fetus and newborn. I. Evidence for a role of fetal prolactin. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 1989;69:1180–1186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mendelson CR, Johnston JM, MacDonald PC, Snyder JM. Multihormonal regulation of surfactant synthesis by (human) fetal lungin vitro.J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 1981;53:307–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Handwerger S, Freemark M. Role of placental lactogen and prolactin in human pregnancy. Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 1987;219:399–420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Golander A, Barrett J, Hurley T, Barry S, Handwerger S. Failure of bromocriptine, dopamine, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone to affect prolactin secretion by human decidual tissuein vitro.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1979;49:787–789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Markoff E, Barry S, Handwerger S. Influence of osmolality and ionic environment on the secretion of prolactin by human decidua in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology.1982;92:103–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Handwerger S, Barry S, Markoff E, Barrett J, Conn PM. Stimulation of the synthesis and release of decidual prolactin by a placental polypeptide. Endocrinology. 1983;112:1370–1374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Blithe DL, Richards RG, Skarulis MC. Free alpha molecules from pregnancy stimulate secretion of prolactin from human decidual cells: a novel function for free alpha in pregnancy. Endocrinology. 1991;129:2257–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Thrailkill KM, Golander A, Underwood LE, Handwerger S. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2930–2934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Thrailkill KM, Golander A, Underwood LE, Richards RG, Handwerger S. Insulin stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells. Endocrinology. 1989;124:3010–3014.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Huang JR, Tseng L, Bischof P, J„nne OA. Regulation of prolactin production by progestin, estrogen, and relaxin in human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology. 1987;121:2011–2017.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pihoker C, Feeney RJ, Su JL, Handwerger S. Lipocortin-I inhibits the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells: evidence for autocrine/paracrine regulation by lipocortin-I. Endocrinology. 1991;128:1123–1128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bulmer JN, Pace D, Ritson A. Immunoregulatory cells in human decidua: morphology, immunohistochemistry and function. Reproduction, Nutrition, Developpement. 1988;28:1599–1613.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Jikihara H, Handwerger S. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits the synthesis and release of human decidual prolactin. Endocrinology. 1994;134:353–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Kanda Y, Jikihara H, Markoff E, Handwerger S. Interleukin-2 inhibits the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells [In Process Citation]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:677–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Handwerger S, Richards R, Markoff E. Autocrine/paracrine regulation of prolactin release from human decidual cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;622:111–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Chao HS, Poisner AM, Poisner R, Handwerger S. Lipopolysaccharides inhibit prolactin and renin release from human decidual cells. Biol Reprod. 1994;50:210–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Chao HS, Myers SE, Handwerger S. Endothelin inhibits basal and stimulated release of prolactin by human decidual cells. Endocrinology. 1993;133:505–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Handwerger S, Harman I,Costello A, Markoff E. Cyclic AMP inhibits the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells. Mol.Cell Endocrinol. 1987;50:99–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Harman I, Costello A, Ganong B, Bell RM, Handwerger S. Activation of protein kinase C inhibits synthesis and release of decidual prolactin. Am J Physiol. 1986;251:E172–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Handwerger S, Barry S, Barrett J, Markoff E, Zeitler P, Cwikel B, Siegel M. Inhibition of the synthesis and secretion of decidual prolactin by arachidonic acid. Endocrinology. 198: 109:2016–2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. DiMattia GE, Gellersen B, Duckworth ML, Friesen HG. Human prolactin gene expression. The use of an alternative noncoding exon in decidua and the IM-9-P3 lymphoblast cell line. J.Biol.Chem. 1990;265: 16412–16421.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gellersen B, DiMattia GE, Friesen HG, Bohnet HG. Prolactin (PRL) mRNA from human decidua differs from pituitary PRL mRNA but resembles the IM-9-P3 lymphoblast PRL transcript. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1989;64: 127–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Gellersen B, Kempf R, Telgmann R, DiMattia GE. Nonpituitary human prolactin gene transcription is independent of Pit-1 and differentially controlled in lymphocytes and in endometrial stroma. Molecular Endocrinology. 1994: 8:356–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Richards RG, Brar AK, Frank GR, Hartman SM, Jikihara H. Fibroblast cells from term human decidua closely resemble endometrial stromal cells: induction of prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 expression. Biology of Reproduction. 1995; 52:609–615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Brosens JJ, Takeda S, Acevedo CH, Lewis MP, Kirby PL, Symes EK, Krausz T, Purohit A, Gellersen B, White JO. Human endometrial fibroblasts immortalized by simian virus 40 large T antigen differentiate in response to a decidualization stimulus. Endocrinology. 1996; 137:2225–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Tang B, Guller S, Gurpide E. Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate induces prolactin expression in stromal cells isolated from human proliferative endometrium. Endocrinology. 1993;133:2197–2203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Gellersen B, Kempf R, Telgmann R. Human endometrial stromal cells express novel isoforms of the transcriptional modulator CREM and up-regulate ICER in the course of decidualization. Mol Endocrinol. 1997;11:97–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Telgmann R, Maronde E, Tasken K, Gellersen B. Activated protein kinase A is required for differentiation-dependent transcription of the decidual prolactin gene in human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology. 1997; 138:929–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Brar AK, Frank GR, Kessler CA, Cedars MI, Handwerger S. Progesterone-dependent decidualization of the human endometrium is mediated by cAMP. Endocrine. 1997;6:301–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Pohnke Y, Kempf R, Gellersen B. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins are mediators in the protein kinase A-dependent activation of the decidual prolactin promoter. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1999; 274:24808–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Brar AK, Kessler CA, Meyer AJ, Cedars MI, Jikihara H. Retinoic acid suppresses in-vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Mol Hum Reprod. 1996;2:185–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Frank GR, Brar AK, Jikihara H, Cedars MI, Handwerger S. Interleukin-1 beta and the endometrium: an inhibitor of stromal cell differentiation and possible autoregulator of decidualization in humans. Biol.Reprod. 1995; 52:184–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Brar AK, Frank GR, Richards RG, Meyer AJ, Kessler CA, Cedars MI, Klein DJ, Handwerger S. Laminin decreases PRL and IGFBP-1 expression duringin vitrodecidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 1995; 163:30–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Handwerger S, Brar A. Placental lactogen, placental growth hormone, and decidual prolactin. Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology; 1992: 106–115.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Stuart Handwerger & Anoop Brar

Authors
  1. Stuart Handwerger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anoop Brar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Cincinnati, USA

    Nelson D. Horseman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Handwerger, S., Brar, A. (2001). Human Uteroplacental Lactogens: Physiology and Molecular Biology. In: Horseman, N.D. (eds) Prolactin. Endocrine Updates, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1683-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1683-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5676-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1683-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation