Abstract
In this chapter, we will address the components of the ultrasound image that convey the structural differences between various normal tissues encountered in a detailed evaluation of the abdomen. We will then characterize the pathologic processes that superimpose themselves upon normal structures and give hints as to how to better recognize them.
During any ultrasound examination, various artifacts are encountered, some result from correctable technical errors, such as poor transducer contact or excessive power, while others are a result of limitations of the modality itself such as the presence of overlying bowel gas that prevents through transmission of sound waves in the usable clinical spectrum. Yet a third category is those artifacts that are created by the existence of a specific pathologic process that represents a “signature artifact,” whereby that condition can be definitively diagnosed. Occasionally, an expected artifact, such as overlying gas in the left upper quadrant obscuring the pancreatic tail, is displaced by a large cyst or pseudocyst, thereby endorsing the fact that one should always inspect the abdomen in a systematic, four-quadrant manner as one would perform a manual physical examination. The ubiquity of CAT and MRI has not diminished the value of abdominal ultrasound but has allowed it to find its proper place as part of the surgeon’s clinical toolbox – the so-called surgeon’s stethoscope.
At the conclusion of this chapter, the reader will appreciate the imaging characteristics of the solid abdominal organs and will understand the derivation of frequently encountered sonographic artifacts. One will be able to recognize the difference between those artifacts that are technical and therefore correctable from those that are consequent on the limitations of the modality itself and, by their existence, allow us to increase our ability to diagnose specific entities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Further Reading
Waldroup LD, Kremkau FW. Artifacts in ultrasound imaging. In: Goldberg BB, editor. Textbook of abdominal ultrasound. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.
Levitov A. Transducers, image formation, and artifacts. In: Levitov A, Mayo PH, Slonim AD, editors. Critical care ultrasonography. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2009.
Baker JA, Soo MS, Rosen EL. Pictoral essay: artifacts and pitfalls in sonographic imaging of the breast. AJR Am J Roengenol. 2001;176:1261–6.
Powers J, Kremkau F. Review: medical ultrasound systems. Interface Focus. 2011;1:477–89.
Wells PNT. Physics and instrumentation: non-Doppler. In: Goldberg BB, editor. Textbook of abdominal ultrasound. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.
Hangiandreou NJ. AAAPM/RSN physics tutorial for residents: topics in US: B-mode US: basic concepts and new technology. Radiographics. 2003;23:1019–33.
Feldman MK, Katyal S, Blackwood M. US artifacts. Radiographics. 2009;29:1179–89.
Ahrendt SA, Komorowski RA, Demeure MJ, Wilson SD, Pitt HA. Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: is preoperative diagnosis possible? J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6:66–74.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Giuffrida, M.J., Gecelter, G. (2014). Imaging Characteristics and Artifacts. In: Hagopian, E., Machi, J. (eds) Abdominal Ultrasound for Surgeons. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9599-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9599-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9598-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9599-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)