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Sleep Across the Lifespan

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Impact of Sleep and Sleep Disturbances on Obesity and Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 8))

Abstract

Sleep represents a complex neurophysiological process which varies significantly across the lifespan. Sleep-wake activity is governed by a complex array of neural processes, influenced by the environment, and tightly integrated with other key biological processes such as thermoregulation, hormone release, and feeding behaviors. Changes in sleep quality and duration across the lifespan occur in part as a result of the influences of age-dependent physiological processes (e.g., menopause) or diseases (e.g., heart failure) on sleep. Conversely, changes in sleep over the lifespan impact a wide variety of physiological systems, including those important in modulating weight, metabolism, immune function, and inflammation. Thus, changes in sleep across the lifespan may influence the propensity for age-dependent diseases as well as susceptibility to chronic diseases, including diabetes, vascular disease, and cancer. This chapter reviews key changes in circadian rhythm, sleep architecture, sleep patterns, and sleep disorders across the lifespan, providing an overview of sleep neurophysiology and age-specific sleep characteristics which, as described more fully in other chapters, influence propensity for obesity and chronic diseases. A discussion of sleep in key periods in the lifespan – infants, children, adolescence, middle age, and older adulthood – is provided. A better appreciation of sleep changes across the lifespan may improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and may highlight novel approaches for improving health at critical developmental periods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 750 Washington Street, NEMC #257, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Carolyn D’Ambrosio M.D.

  2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Rm BL-225D, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Susan Redline M.D., M.P.H.

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  1. Carolyn D’Ambrosio M.D.
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Correspondence to Carolyn D’Ambrosio M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Susan Redline

  2. Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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D’Ambrosio, C., Redline, S. (2014). Sleep Across the Lifespan. In: Redline, S., Berger, N. (eds) Impact of Sleep and Sleep Disturbances on Obesity and Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9527-7_1

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