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White Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

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White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR,volume 4))

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized pathologically by focal lesions of demyelination in the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, with features of inflammation, oligodendroglial death, and axonal degeneration. This pathology most commonly affects young adults and leads to significant neurological disability, such as sensory disturbances, lack of motor coordination, and visual impairment. MS is considered to be an autoimmune disease in which immune system recognizes components of the myelin sheath and in consequence, initiates a self-propagating autodestructive process within the CNS. It is widely accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to MS susceptibility, however the etiology of this illness remains unknown. Moreover, it is still unclear what mechanisms underlie the appearance of the hallmark inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the CNS, and their evolution into disseminated sclerotic plaques. This review summarizes current knowledge on the interrelation between the processes of inflammation, neurodegeneration and demyelination that occurs in MS. In addition, we analyze the mechanisms that may be involved in the damage of the different cellular components of white matter. Finally, we discuss recent advances on the neuropathological characterization of MS as well as in imaging the disease, and described the different categories of types of lesions observed in patients with MS. A fine evaluation of lesions with new neuroimaging techniques will be critical for understanding the heterogeneity of MS.

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Acknowledgments

Work in our laboratory is supported by CIBERNED and by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Gobierno Vasco, Ikerbasque and the Universidad del País Vasco.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Neurociencias, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain

    María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez, Fernando Pérez-Cerdá & Carlos Matute

  2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, 48940, Spain

    María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez, Fernando Pérez-Cerdá & Carlos Matute

Authors
  1. María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
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  2. Fernando Pérez-Cerdá
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  3. Carlos Matute
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Matute .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Selva Baltan

  2. Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    S. Thomas Carmichael

  3. Departamento de Neurociencias, Achucarro Basque Centger for Neuroscience, University del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), and Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain

    Carlos Matute

  4. University of Michigan Dept. Neurosurgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Guohua Xi

  5. Dept. Pharmacology Dept. Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Dept. Physiology, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H Zhang

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Sánchez-Gómez, M.V., Pérez-Cerdá, F., Matute, C. (2014). White Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Baltan, S., Carmichael, S., Matute, C., Xi, G., Zhang, J. (eds) White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9123-1_17

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