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Cushing’s Syndrome

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Endocrinology and Diabetes

Abstract

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) results from long-standing exposure to excessive circulating levels of glucocorticoids (Newell-Price et al., Lancet 367:1605–1617, 2006). Recently, the prevalence of both exogenous and endogenous CS has shown a marked rise because of the increased use of glucocorticoids in several degenerative diseases along with an early identification of subclinical forms of endogenous hypercortisolaemia. The early recognition and effective management of CS is of great importance as, when untreated, it is associated with high morbidity due to its metabolic abnormalities and the risk of infection resulting in increased mortality rates.

A florid clinical presentation makes diagnosis straightforward: when the clinical features are less obvious as in subclinical (SCS) or cyclic CS (CyCS), a step-by-step approach may confirm or reject the diagnosis, or dictate a longer close follow-up. Later on, a specific management targeting to the aetiology or the symptoms of CS may follow.

This chapter will first describe the aetiology of CS, review certain epidemiological data and clinical features, followed by a suggested diagnostic and therapeutic management paradigm.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pathophysiology, Kapodistrian and National University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, Greece

    Krystallenia I. Alexandraki M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc.

  2. Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK

    Ashley B. Grossman B.A., B.Sc., M.D.

Authors
  1. Krystallenia I. Alexandraki M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc.
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Correspondence to Krystallenia I. Alexandraki M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor Associado e Livre-Docente, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Ciências Medicas da Universidade de Pernambuco, Chefe da Divisão de Endocrinologia e Diabetes do Hospital Agamenon, Magalhães-MS/UPE, Recife, Brazil

    Francisco Bandeira

  2. American Thyroid Association Past President, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine President-Elect, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Hossein Gharib

  3. Federal Foundation and School of Medical Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Airton Golbert

  4. Department of Medicine, University of Pernambuco School of Medicine, Recife, Brazil

    Luiz Griz

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Maranhao School of Medicine, Sao Luis, Brazil

    Manuel Faria

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Alexandraki, K.I., Grossman, A.B. (2014). Cushing’s Syndrome. In: Bandeira, F., Gharib, H., Golbert, A., Griz, L., Faria, M. (eds) Endocrinology and Diabetes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8684-8_9

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