Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide. The reported prevalence of hypertension varies around the world, with the lowest prevalence in rural India (3.4 % in men and 6.8 % in women) and the highest in Poland (68.9 % in men and 72.5 % in women) (Kearney et al., J Hypertens 22:11–9, 2004). In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 30.5 % among men and 28.5 % among women (Guo et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 60:599–606, 2012). In Brazil, according to the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases Telephone Interviews (Vigitel 2009), hypertension was reported on by 24.4 % of the adult Brazilian population, with higher prevalence in women (27.2 % versus 21.1 % in men) (Iser et al., Rev Bras Epidemiol 14(Suppl 1):90–102, 2011). In most cases, the disease is considered essential or idiopathic, with no etiology identified, but approximately 15 % of hypertensive individuals have secondary hypertension, including renal and endocrine causes.
Endocrine hypertension arises mainly from adrenal diseases, such as pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, hyperdeoxycorticosteronism, and Cushing’s syndrome, but it can also be related to acromegaly, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of endocrine hypertension provides a distinct perspective for the patient, opening the possibility to achieve cure or dramatic improvement of the high blood pressure by surgical or medical therapies (Sukor, Eur J Intern Med 22:433–40, 2011). In this chapter, we review the management of the more common disorders associated with endocrine hypertension.
Keywords
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
- Chromaffin Cell
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor
- Primary Aldosteronism
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Boguszewski, C.L., Alessi, A., Carvalho, M. (2014). Endocrine Hypertension. In: Bandeira, F., Gharib, H., Golbert, A., Griz, L., Faria, M. (eds) Endocrinology and Diabetes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8684-8_12
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