Abstract
This chapter builds on the mathematical models of oncolytic virus dynamics discussed in the previous chapter and introduces further biological complexity. In extending of the model, we allow for mitotic transmission of the virus, i.e. virus spread through cell division. Depending on the rate at which infected cells divide, we can observe an optimal rate of virus-induced cell killing that minimizes tumor load. Rates of cell killing that are smaller or larger than the optimum lead to higher tumor loads during treatment. In another extension of the model, we introduce immune responses. Anti-viral immune responses can kill infected cells (and thus influence their death rate). Under this assumption, we find an optimal rate of immune-induced cell killing that minimizes tumor load. Less effective immune responses can lead to higher tumor loads through less killing of cells, and too strong of an immune response significantly impairs or eliminates the virus. In addition, a tumor specific immune response is considered that can be activated through virus-induced necrosis of cells. In this case, the effect of virus therapy is augmented and an increase in the strength of anti-tumor immunity is always beneficial for therapy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Wodarz, D., Nowak, M.A., Bangham, C.R.: The dynamics of htlv-i and the ctl response. Immunol. Today 20(5), 220–227 (1999)
Melcher, A., Todryk, S., Hardwick, N., Ford, M., Jacobson, M., Vile, R.G.: Tumor immunogenicity is determined by the mechanism of cell death via induction of heat shock protein expression. Nat. Med. 4(5), 581–587 (1998)
Kono, H., Rock, K.L.: How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8(4), 279–289 (2008)
Fuchs, E.J., Matzinger, P.: Is cancer dangerous to the immune system? Semin. Immunol. 8(5), 271–280 (1996)
Matzinger, P.: An innate sense of danger. Semin. Immunol. 10(5), 399–415 (1998)
Matzinger, P.: The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 296(5566), 301–305 (2002)
Wodarz, D.: Viruses as antitumor weapons: defining conditions for tumor remission. Cancer Res. 61(8), 3501–3507 (2001)
Gallucci, S., Matzinger, P.: Danger signals: sos to the immune system. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13(1), 114–119 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Komarova, N.L., Wodarz, D. (2014). Mitotic Virus Transmission and Immune Responses. In: Targeted Cancer Treatment in Silico. Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology. Birkhäuser, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8301-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8301-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8300-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8301-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)