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Molecular Diagnostics pp 57–80Cite as

Hepatitis C Virus Testing

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Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

Abstract

Hepatitis C is a global pandemic caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a blood-borne RNA virus that is estimated to chronically infect 170 million people worldwide, with millions of new infections arising each year. Although treatment for the disease is available, it remains costly, causes severe side effects, and does not guarantee the clearance of infection. Despite several trials, no vaccine has yet been developed for the disease. The diagnosis of HCV infection entails the detection of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA in the suspected patient’s blood using a screening immunoassay and a confirmatory molecular assay, respectively. Molecular HCV assays have revolutionized medical practice with regard to the management of HCV. Apart from their role in the diagnosis of HCV infection, molecular HCV assays are important for directing and monitoring HCV therapy, predicting its outcome, and for screening blood and blood products. Several commercial qualitative and quantitative molecular assays are available employing different detection technologies, these include conventional or real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), and branched DNA technology (bDNA). Genotyping molecular HCV assays are also commercially available, employing technologies such as multiplex real-time RT-PCR and line-probe assays. Current technological developments predict the future commercialization of nanoparticle-based HCV assays.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Mr. Tamer Samir and Ms. Lana Abdel-Hady for their help with the art work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt

    Hassan M. E. Azzazy Ph.D.

  2. Yousef Jameel Science & Technology Research Center, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt

    Hassan M. E. Azzazy Ph.D. & Karim M. Abdel-Hady B.Sc.

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  1. Hassan M. E. Azzazy Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Hassan M. E. Azzazy Ph.D. .

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  1. Medicine and Pathology Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    W. Edward Highsmith, Jr.

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Azzazy, H.M.E., Abdel-Hady, K.M. (2014). Hepatitis C Virus Testing. In: Highsmith, Jr., W. (eds) Molecular Diagnostics. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8127-0_5

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