Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Crisis Intervention and Developmental Disabilities pp 123–146Cite as

Assessment of Problem Behavior

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Issues in Clinical Child Psychology ((ICCP))

Abstract

Challenging behaviors are common in individuals with a number of different developmental disabilities. These challenging behaviors can upset an individual’s social, occupational, or academic daily functioning. When mental health professionals examine these individuals’ challenging behaviors, it is important to gather information about the topography, frequency, duration, intensity, and potential functions of the behavior. Functional behavior assessment includes three main types of assessment: standardized assessment, descriptive assessment, and functional analysis. Standardized assessment, also known as informant-based assessment, involves the administration of measures in which parents, teachers, direct care staff, or other caregivers provide information about the individual’s behavior. There are numerous standardized assessments available for gathering descriptive qualities of the individual’s behavior as well as information for pretreatment functional assessment, which will be discussed in the chapter. In descriptive assessment, clinicians assess circumstances in which the behavior occurs by observing the individual in their natural setting and recording events that precede and follow behavior. Descriptive assessment methods, such as event recording (e.g., contingency event recording, continuous event recording) and time sampling, will be discussed. Since functional analysis is a complex procedure requiring specialized training, an entirely separate chapter is dedicated to this topic (see Chap. 9).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

ABC:

Aberrant Behavior Checklist

A-B-C:

Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

ADHD:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ADI-R:

Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised

ASD-BPA:

Autism Spectrum Disorders-Behavior Problems for Adults

ASD-CA:

ASD-Comorbidity for Adults

ASD-DA:

ASD-Diagnosis for Adults

ASD-PBC:

Autism Spectrum Disorders-Problem Behavior for Children

ASDs:

Autism spectrum disorders

BISCUIT-Part 3:

Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 3

BPI-01:

Behavior Problems Inventory

C-SHARP:

Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive

DAS-B:

Disability Assessment Schedule for Problem Behaviors

DBC:

Developmental Behavior Checklist

DDs:

Developmental disabilities

EFA:

Experimental functional analysis

FAC:

Functional Analysis Checklist

FACT:

Functional Assessment for multiple CausaliTy

FAIF:

Functional Analysis Interview Form

FAOF:

Functional Assessment Observation Form

ID:

Intellectual disability

MARS:

Motivation Analysis Rating Scale

MAS:

Motivation Assessment Scale

MTS:

Momentary time sampling

NCBRF:

Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form

PDDBI:

Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory

PTS:

Partial-interval time sampling

QABF:

Questions About Behavioral Function

RBS-R:

Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised

RSMB:

Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior

SBS:

Stereotyped Behavior Scale

SIB:

Self-injurious behavior

WTS:

Whole-interval time sampling

References

  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1986). Aberrant behavior checklist: Manual. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W., & Field, C. J. (1985). Psychometric characteristics of the aberrant behavior checklist. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 237–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., & Turbott, S. H. (1987). Reliability of the aberrant behavior checklist and the effect of variations in instructions. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 92, 237–240.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., Tasse, M. J., Rojahn, J., & Hammer, D. (1996). The Nisonger CBRF: A child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 41–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arndorfer, R. E., & Miltenberger, R. G. (1993). Functional assessment and treatment of challenging behavior: A review with implications for early childhood. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 13, 82–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, S. (1987). Functional and structural analyses of behavior: Approaches leading to reduced use of punishment procedures? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 8, 165–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bijou, S. W., Peterson, R. F., & Ault, M. H. (1968). A method to integrate descriptive and experimental field studies at the level of data and empirical concepts. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 175–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bodfish, J. W., & Lewis, M. H. (2002). Repetitive behavior in autism. Paper presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR), Orlando, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000). Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 237–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruininks, R., Woodcock, R., Weatherman, R., & Hill, B. (1984). Scales of independent behavior: Woodcock-Johnson psycho-educational measures. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E., Coriaty, S., Wilder, D. A., Gaunt, B. T., Dozier, C. L., & Britton, L. N. (2000). A review of “noncontingent” reinforcement as treatment for the aberrant behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 377–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, I. L., Schmidt-Lackner, S., Romanczyk, R., & Sudhalter, V. (2003). The PDD Behavior Inventory: A rating scale for assessing response to intervention in children with pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(1), 31–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, I. L., & Sudhalter, V. (2005). The PDD behavior inventory. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darrow, S. M., Follette, W. C., Maragakis, A., & Dykstra, T. (2011). Reviewing risk for individuals with developmental disabilities. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 472–477.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desrochers, M. N., Hile, M. G., & Williams-Mosely, T. (1997). A survey of functional assessment procedures used with individuals with severe problem behaviors and mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 101, 535–546.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Didden, R. (2007). Functional analysis methodology in developmental disabilities. In P. Sturmey (Ed.), Functional analysis in clinical treatment (pp. 65–86). Burlington, MA: Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dura, J. (1997). Expressive communicative ability, symptoms of mental illness and aggressive behavior. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 307–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M., & Carr, E. G. (1991). Functional communication training to reduce challenging behavior: Maintenance and application in new settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 251–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M., & Crimmins, D. B. (1988). Identifying the variables maintaining self-injurious behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 99–117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M., & Crimmins, D. B. (1992). The Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS). Topeka, KS: Monaco & Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M., Crimmins, D. B., Caulfield, M., & Taylor, J. (1989). Reinforcer assessment I: Using problem behaviors to select reinforcers. Journal of the Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 113–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. M., Dishion, T., & Stoolmiller, M. (1998). The analysis of intervention change in children and families: Methodological and conceptual issues embedded in intervention studies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 53–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C. S. (1985). Child Behavior Rating Form. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 21, 835–837.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edlinger, W. (1983). Selbstverletzungsverhalten und vehaltenskompetenzen bei geistig behinderten personen. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1995). The Developmental Behaviour Checklist: The developmental and validation of an instrument for the assessment of behavioural and emotional disturbance in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 81–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E. (1995). Challenging behavior: Analysis and intervention in people with learning disabilities. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E. (2001). Challenging behavior: Analysis and intervention in people with severe intellectual disabilities (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E., Kiernan, C., Alborz, A., Reeves, D., Mason, H., Swarbrick, R., et al. (2001). The prevalence of challenging behaviors: A total population study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 22, 77–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E., Robertson, J., Gregory, N., Hatton, C., Kessissoglou, S., Hallam, A., et al. (2008). Treatment and management of challenging behaviors in residential settings. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 13, 197–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. W., Leckman, J., Reznick, J., Carter, A., Henshaw, D., King, R., et al. (1997). Ritual, habit and perfectionism: The prevalence and development of compulsive-like behavior in normal young children. Child Development, 68, 58–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, C., & Aman, M. (2009). Development of the children’s scale of hostility and aggression: Reactive/proactive (C-SHARP). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1155–1167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, C. A., & Aman, M. G. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (C-SHARP). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 270–280.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, C. A., & Aman, M. G. (2011). Aggressive behavior in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 317–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felce, D., Lowe, K., & Beswick, J. (1993). Staff turnover in ordinary housing services for people with severe or profound mental handicaps. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 37, 143–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R. S. (2006). Development across the life span (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D., Lynskey, M., & Horwood, L. (1993). The effect of maternal depression on maternal ratings of child behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 245–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardenier, N. C., MacDonald, R., & Green, G. (2004). Comparison of direct observational methods for measuring stereotypic behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 99–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, F. (2000). Methodological issues in the direct observation of parent–child interaction: Do observational findings reflect the natural behavior of participants? Clinical Child and Family Psychology, 3, 185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goza, A. B., & Ricketts, R. W. (1993). The Motivation Assessment Scale: Analysis of inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis-International, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, F. C., & Lahey, B. B. (1982). Recording system bias in direct observational methodology: A review and critical analysis of factors causing inaccurate coding behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 2, 539–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, S. L., & Glasberg, B. A. (2007). Functional behavioral assessment in practice: Concepts and applications. In J. W. Jacobson, J. A. Mulick, & J. Rojahn (Eds.), Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities (pp. 317–332). New York, NY: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harrop, A., & Daniels, M. (1986). Methods of time sampling: A reappraisal of momentary time sampling and partial interval recording. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 19, 73–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, S. L., & MacLean, W. E. (2007). Staff-averse challenging behaviour in older adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 519–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, D. P., Barrios, B. A., & Wood, D. D. (2004). Principles of behavioral observation. In S. N. Haynes & E. M. Heiby (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Behavioral assessment (Vol. 3, pp. 108–127). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, R. P., Brown, T., Mount, R. H., & Cormack, K. F. M. (2001). Exploration of psychometric properties of the Developmental Behavior Checklist. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(4), 423–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Havercamp, S. M., & Reiss, S. (1997). The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior: Confirmatory factor analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(10), 967–971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herzinger, C. V., & Campbell, J. M. (2007). Comparing functional assessment methodologies: A quantitative synthesis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1430–1445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J., Powlitch, S., & Furniss, F. (2008). Convergent validity of the aberrant behavior checklist and Behavior Problems Inventory with people with complex needs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29(1), 45–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, B., & Gitlesen, J. P. (2004). Psychotropic medication in adults with mental retardation: Prevalence, and prescription practices. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 20, 509–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, N., Shah, A., & Wing, L. (1982). The Disability Assessment Schedule: A brief screening device for use with the mentally retarded. Psychological Medicine, 12, 879–890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Strain, P. S., Todd, A. W., & Reed, H. K. (2002). Problem behavior interventions for young children with autism: A research synthesis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 423–446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huete, J. M., & Kurtz, P. F. (2009). Therapist effect on functional analysis outcomes with young children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 804–810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, B. A., Kahng, S., Wallace, M. D., & Lindberg, J. S. (2000). The functional analysis model of behavior assessment. In J. Austin & J. E. Carr (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 61–89). Reno: Context.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, J. W. (1982). Problem behavior and psychiatric impairment within a developmentally delayed population I: Behavior frequency. Applied Research in Mental Research, 3, 121–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, T. (2006). Functional analysis and challenging behaviour. Psychiatry, 5(9), 312–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. (1982). Observer effects: Reactivity of direct observation. New Direction for Methodology of Social and Behavioral Science, 14, 5–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, A. M. (2010). An examination of challenging behaviors in autistic disorder versus pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified: Significant differences and gender effects. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, K. S. L., & Aman, M. G. (2007). The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised: Independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 855–866.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, N., & Windmiller, M. (1981). AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale-school edition. Monterey, CA: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecavalier, L., Aman, M. G., Hammer, D., Stoica, W., & Mathews, G. L. (2004). Factor analysis of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 709–721.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lecavalier, L., Leone, S., & Wiltz, J. (2006). The impact of behavior problems on caregiver stress in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 172–183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lennox, D. B., & Miltenberger, R. G. (1989). Conducting a functional assessment of problem behavior in applied settings. Journal of the Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 304–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. C., Hovanetz, A., Strobel, M., & Tetreault, A. (2009). Accuracy of teacher-collected descriptive analysis data: A comparison of narrative and structured recording formats. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 157–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. C., & Iwata, B. A. (1993). Descriptive and experimental analysis of variables maintaining self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 293–319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipinski, D. P., & Nelson, R. O. (1974). Problems in the use of naturalistic observation as a means of behavioral assessment. Behavior Therapy, 5, 341–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). The autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, K., Allen, D., Jones, E., Brophy, S., Moore, K., & James, W. (2007). Challenging behaviours: Prevalence and topographies. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51, 625–636.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mace, F. C., Lalli, J. S., & Lalli, E. P. (1991). Functional analysis and treatment of aberrant behavior. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 12, 155–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahan, S., & Matson, J. L. (2011). Convergent and discriminant validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Problem Behavior for Children (ASD-PBC) against the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 222–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansell, J., Ashman, B., Macdonald, S., & Beadle-Brown, J. (2002). Residential care in the community for adults with intellectual disability: Needs, characteristics, and services. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, 625–633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Bamburg, J. W., Cherry, K. E., & Paclawskyj, T. R. (1999). A validity study on the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) Scale: Predicting treatment success for self-injury, aggression, and stereotypies. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 20, 163–176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Boisjoli, J. A., Rojahn, J., & Hess, J. (2009). A factor analysis of challenging behaviors assessed with the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT-Part 3). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 714–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Gonzalez, M., & Rivet, T. T. (2008). Reliability of the autism spectrum disorder-behavior problems for children (ASD-BPC). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2, 696–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Horovitz, M., Kozlowski, A. M., Sipes, M., Worley, J. A., & Shoemaker, M. E. (2011). Person characteristics of individuals in functional assessment research. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 621–624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Kozlowski, A. M., Worley, J. A., Shoemaker, M., Sipes, M., & Horovitz, M. (2011). What is the evidence for environmental causes of challenging behaviors in persons with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 693–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Kuhn, D. E., Dixon, D. R., Mayville, S. B., Laud, R. B., Cooper, C. L., et al. (2003). The development and factor structure of the Functional Assessment for multiple causaliTy (FACT). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24(6), 485–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Mahan, S., Hess, J. A., Fodstad, J. C., & Neal, D. (2010). Progression of challenging behaviors in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders as measured by the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Problem Behaviors for Children (ASD-PBC). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(3), 400–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Mayville, S. B., & Laud, R. B. (2003). A system of assessment for adaptive behavior, social skills, behavioral function, medication side-effects, and psychiatric disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 75–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Nebel-Schwalm, M. (2007). Assessing challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders: A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 567–579.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Rivet, T. T. (2007). A validity study of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Behavior Problems for Adults (ASD-BPA) Scale. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19, 557–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Shoemaker, M. (2009). Intellectual disability and its relationship to autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1107–1114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Shoemaker, M. E., Sipes, M., Horovitz, M., Worley, J. A., & Kozlowski, A. M. (2011). Replacement behaviors for identified functions of challenging behaviors. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 681–684.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Vollmer, T. R. (1995). Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF). Baton Rouge, LA: Disability Consultants, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., & Macken, J. (2009). The relationship of challenging behaviors to severity and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2, 29–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., Sevin, J. A., Knight, C., Boisjoli, J. A., & Sharp, B. (2009). Reliability and item content of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT): Parts 1, 2, and 3. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 336–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, K., Hall, S., & Oliver, C. (2003). Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 405–416.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, S., Prosser, H., Costello, H., Simpson, N., Patel, P., Rowe, S., et al. (1998). Reliability and validity of the PAS-ADD Checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42(2), 173–183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mudford, O. C., Arnold-Saritepe, A. M., Phillips, K. J., Locke, J. M., Ho, I. S., & Taylor, S. A. (2008). Challenging behaviors. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Clinical assessment and intervention for autism spectrum disorders (pp. 267–297). London: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Murdock, S. G., O’Neill, R. E., & Cunningham, E. (2005). A comparison of results and acceptability of functional behavioral assessment procedures with a group of middle school students with emotional/behavioral disorders (E/BD). Journal of Behavioral Education, 14, 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, O., Healy, O., & Leader, G. (2009). Risk factors for challenging behavior for 157 children with autism spectrum disorders in Ireland. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 474–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. O., Lipinski, D. P., & Black, J. L. (1976). The relative reactivity of external observations and self-monitoring. Behavior Therapy, 7, 314–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newton, T., & Sturmey, P. (1991). The Motivation Assessment Scale: Inter-rater reliability and internal consistency in a British sample. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 35, 372–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Sprague, J. R., Storey, K., & Newton, J. S. (1997). Functional assessment and program development for problem behavior: A practical handbook. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., & Sprague, J. R. (1990). Functional analysis of problem behavior: A practical assessment guide. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paclawskyj, T. R., Kurtz, P. F., & O’Connor, J. T. (2004). Functional assessment of problem behaviors in adults with mental retardation. Behavior Modification, 28(5), 649–667.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paclawskyj, T. R., Matson, J. L., Rush, K. S., Smalls, Y., & Vollmer, T. R. (2000). Questions about Behavioral Function (QABF): A behavioral checklist for functional assessment of aberrant behavior. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 223–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paclawskyj, T. R., Matson, J. L., Rush, K. S., Smalls, Y., & Vollmer, T. R. (2001). Assessment of the convergent validity of the questions about Behavioral Function Scale with analogue functional analysis and the Motivation Assessment Scale. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45, 484–494.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J., Martindale, A., & Kulp, S. (1975). An evaluation of time-sample measures of behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 463–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J., Martindale, B., Kulp, S., Martindale, a., & Bauman, R. (1977). Taking a closer look: Time sampling and measurement error. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 325–332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prior, M., & MacMillan, M. B. (1973). Maintenance of sameness in children with Kanner’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 3, 154–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quine, L., & Pahl, J. (1989). Stress and coping in families caring for a child with severe mental handicap: A longitudinal study. Canterbury: University of Kent.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi, H. (1995). Impact on families: Young adults with learning disabilities who show challenging behaviour. In C. Kiernan (Ed.), Research to practice? Implications of research on the challenging behaviours with learning disability (pp. 89–115). Kidderminster: BILD Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. B. (1970). Reliability assessment of observation data: A possible methodological problem. Child Development, 41, 1143–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S. (1988). The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior test manual. Worthington, OH: IDS Publishing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A. C., Felce, D., & Barton, L. E. (1988). Basing treatment of sterotypic and self-injurious behaviors on hypotheses of their causes. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21, 281–289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Repp, A. C., Roberts, D. M., Slack, D. J., Repp, C. F., & Berkler, M. S. (1976). A comparison of frequency, interval, and time-sampling methods of data collection. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9, 501–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). BASC-2 behavioral assessment system for children manual (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J. (1984). Self-injurious behavior institutionalized, severely/profound retarded adults: Prevalence and staff agreement. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 6, 13–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., & Helsel, W. J. (1991). The aberrant behavior checklist with children and adolescents with dual diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 17–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Matlock, S. T., & Tasse, M. J. (2000). The stereotyped behavior scale: Psychometric properties and norms. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 437–454.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Lott, J. L., Esbensen, A. J., & Smalls, Y. (2001). The Behavior Problems Inventory: An instrument for the assessment of self-injury, stereotyped behavior and aggression/destruction in individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 577–588.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Matson, J. L., Mahan, S., Fodstad, J. C., Knight, C., Sevin, J. A., et al. (2009). Cutoffs, norms, and patterns of problem behaviors in children with an ASD on the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT-Part 3). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 989–998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Rowe, E. W., Macken, J., Gray, A., Delitta, D., Booth, A., et al. (2010). Psychometric evaluation of the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 and the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form with children and adolescents. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 3(1), 28–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Schroeder, S. R., & Hoch, T. A. (2008). Self-injurious behavior in intellectual disabilities. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Tasse, M. J., & Sturmey, P. (1997). The Sterotyped Behavior Scale for adolescents and adults with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 137–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn, J., Whittaker, K., Hoch, T. A., & Gonzalez, M. (2007). Assessment of self-injurious and aggressive behavior. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 34, 281–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romanczyk, R. G., Kent, R. N., Diament, C., & O’Leary, K. D. (1973). Measuring the reliability of observational data: A reactive process. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6, 175–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, D., & Rose, J. (2005). Staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities: The impact of stress on attributions of challenging behavior. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 827–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, T. M., & Berkson, G. (1995). Definition of abnormal focused affections and exploration of their relation to abnormal stereotyped behaviors. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 376–390.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, A., & Holmes, N. (1987). Locally-based residential services for mentally handicapped adults: A comparative study. Psychological Medicine, 17, 763–774.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, A., Holmes, N., & Wing, L. (1982). Prevalence of autism and related conditions in adults in a mental handicap hospital. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 3, 303–317.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N. N., Matson, J. L., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, A. N., Adkins, A. N., McKeegan, G. F., et al. (2006). Questions About Behavioral Function in Mental Illness (QABF-MI): A behavior checklist for functional assessment of maladaptive behavior exhibited by individuals with mental illness. Behavioral Modification, 30, 739–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. D. (1985). Managing the aggressive and self-injurious behavior of adults disabled by autism. Journal of the Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 10, 228–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P. (1994). Assessing the functions of aberrant behaviors: A review of psychometric instruments. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 293–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P. (1996). Functional analysis in clinical psychology. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P. (2001). The Functional Analysis Checklist: Inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14, 141–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P., & Bertman, L. J. (1994). Validity of the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 99(2), 201–206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturmey, P., Jamieson, J., Burcham, J., Shaw, B., & Bertman, L. (1996). The factor structure of the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviors in institutional and community populations. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17(4), 285–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarbox, J., Wilke, A. E., Findel-Pyles, R. S., Bergstrom, R. M., & Granpeesheh, D. (2010). A comparison of electronic to traditional pen-and-paper data collection in discrete trial training for children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 65–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarbox, J., Wilke, A. E., Najdowski, A. C., Findel-Pyles, R. S., Balasanyan, S., Caveney, A. C., et al. (2009). Comparing indirect, descriptive, and experimental functional assessments of challenging behavior in children with autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 21, 493–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tasse, M. J., Aman, M. G., Hammer, D., & Rojahn, J. (1996). The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: Age and gender effects and norms. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 59–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasse, M. J., & Lecavalier, L. (2000). Comparing parent and teacher ratings of social competence and problem behaviors. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105, 252–259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tenneij, N. H., Didden, R., Stolker, J. J., & Koot, H. M. (2009). Markers for aggression in inpatient treatment facilities for adults with mild to borderline intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1248–1257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. S. (1929). Some new techniques for studying social behavior. New York: Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touchette, P. E., MacDonald, R. F., & Langer, S. N. (1985). A scatterplot for identifying stimulus control of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 343–351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsakanikos, E., Underwood, L., Sturmey, P., Bouras, N., & McCarthy, J. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS) for behavior problems: An independent investigation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(2), 653–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Houten, R., Rolider, A., & Ickowitz, J. (1989). Functional Analysis Checklist. Unpublished instrument.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vollmer, T. R., Marcus, B. A., Ringdahl, J. E., & Roane, H. S. (1995). Progressing from brief assessments to extended experimental analyses in the evaluation of aberrant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 561–576.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vollmer, T. R., & Matson, J. L. (1995). User’s guide: Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF). Baton Rouge, LA, www.disabilityconsultants.org.

  • Weiseler, N. A., Hanson, R. H., Chamberlain, T. P., & Thompson, T. (1985). Functional taxonomy of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior. Mental Retardation, 23, 230–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicks-Nelson, R., & Israel, A. C. (1999). Autism and schizophrenia. In R. Wicks-Nelson & A. C. Israel (Eds.), Behavior disorders of early childhood (pp. 330–363). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaja, R. H., Moore, L., van Ingen, D. J., & Rojahn, J. (2010). Psychometric comparison of the functional assessment instruments QABF, FACT and FAST for self-injurious, stereotypic and aggressive/destructive behaviour. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24, 18–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarcone, J. R., Rodgers, T. A., Iwata, B. A., Rourke, D. A., & Dorsey, M. F. (1991). Reliability analysis of the Motivation Assessment Scale. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 121, 349–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Louisiana State University, 3033 July Street #305, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA

    Brian C. Belva

  2. Louisiana State University, 11959 Nicholson Dr. #11102, Baton Rouge, LA, 70810, USA

    Megan A. Hattier

  3. Louisiana State University, 17211 N. Lakeway Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA, 70810, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

Authors
  1. Brian C. Belva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Megan A. Hattier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Johnny L. Matson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian C. Belva .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept. Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Sunnyside Avenue 1000, Lawrence, 66045, Kansas, USA

    Derek D. Reed

  2. , Dept. Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Sunnyside Avenue 1000, Lawrence, 66044, Kansas, USA

    Florence D. DiGennaro Reed

  3. May Institute, Pacella Park Drive 41, Randolph, 02368, Massachusetts, USA

    James K. Luiselli

Appendix

Appendix

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Belva, B.C., Hattier, M.A., Matson, J.L. (2013). Assessment of Problem Behavior. In: Reed, D., DiGennaro Reed, F., Luiselli, J. (eds) Handbook of Crisis Intervention and Developmental Disabilities. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6531-7_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation