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Acute Lung Injury in the Acute Care Surgery Patient

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Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a spectrum of pulmonary insufficiency ranging from minor and easily correctable hypoxemia to severe refractory respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS in 1994 defined ALI as “a syndrome of inflammation and increased permeability that is associated with a constellation of clinical, radiologic, and physiologic abnormalities that cannot be explained by, but may coexist with, left atrial or pulmonary capillary hypertension” [1]. The resultant pulmonary insufficiency can be an indirect result of a systemic inflammatory state (circulating inflammatory mediators causing reactivity and edema in the lung parenchyma), or a direct result of a localized release of inflammatory mediators from a process affecting the lung parenchyma such as blunt chest trauma, toxic inhalation, aspiration, or pneumonia. Factors increasing a patient’s likelihood of developing ALI are those that predispose a patient to massive inflammation, as well as increasing age, preexisting need for mechanical ventilation, smoke inhalation, massive transfusion, and drug overdose.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical School, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95818, USA

    Brittany Busse M.D. & Christine S. Cocanour M.D., F.A.C.S., F.C.C.M.

Authors
  1. Brittany Busse M.D.
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  2. Christine S. Cocanour M.D., F.A.C.S., F.C.C.M.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine S. Cocanour M.D., F.A.C.S., F.C.C.M. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Science Center, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 4.292, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Laura J. Moore

  2. The Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin St, SM 1661A, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Krista L. Turner

  3. School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, New York University, 550 First Avenue, New Bellevue 15 East 9, New York, 10016, New York, USA

    S. Rob Todd

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Busse, B., Cocanour, C.S. (2013). Acute Lung Injury in the Acute Care Surgery Patient. In: Moore, L., Turner, K., Todd, S. (eds) Common Problems in Acute Care Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6123-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6123-4_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6122-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6123-4

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