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Interventions in Pulmonary Medicine pp 211–219Cite as

Early Lung Cancer: Methods for Detection

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Abstract

Recent advances in technology over the past two decades have transformed the flexible bronchoscopy into an advanced diagnostic modality through the introduction of endobronchial ultrasound, allowing advanced assessment of the airway as well as the mediastinum and peripheral lung nodules. Advanced airway assessment techniques have opened an avenue for early endobronchial malignancy detection and surveillance. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB), narrow band imaging (NBI), and high-magnification bronchovideoscope are some of the advanced bronchoscopic imaging techniques capable of detecting preinvasive lesions currently available in clinical practice. The radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) allows a more precise evaluation of newly detected preinvasive lesions within the airway. These advancements allow visualization of the endobronchial structures within the superficial mucosal layer with ability to differentiate between premalignant and malignant lesions, utilizing differential patterns of normal and pathological tissue autofluorescence or vasculature. This chapter will review the advanced bronchoscopic mucosal imaging technologies for detection of early lung cancer.

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Abbreviations

AFB:

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy

AFI:

Autofluorescence imaging

ASD:

Angiogenic squamous dysplasia

CIS:

Carcinoma in situ

EBUS:

Endobronchial ultrasound

HMB:

High-magnification bronchovideoscope

NBI:

Narrow band imaging

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen

OCT:

Optical coherence tomography

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

WLB:

White light bronchoscopy

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2C4

    Kazuhiro Yasufuku M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Kazuhiro Yasufuku M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Kazuhiro Yasufuku M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, 08907, Spain

    Jose Pablo Díaz-Jimenez

  2. Clinica Y Maternidad Colon, Pulmonary Department, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, 7600, Argentina

    Alicia N. Rodriguez

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Yasufuku, K. (2013). Early Lung Cancer: Methods for Detection. In: Díaz-Jimenez, J., Rodriguez, A. (eds) Interventions in Pulmonary Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6009-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6009-1_13

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