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Nanocarbons for Supercapacitors

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Book cover Batteries for Sustainability

Abstract

Supercapacitors (or electrochemical capacitors) are electrochemical energy storage devices having higher energy density than dielectric capacitors and higher power density than batteries. Actually, they are capable of delivering large amounts of energy in a very short time. These devices rely mainly on the characteristics of the electrical double layer that forms on all polarized conductors when immersed in an electrolyte. The double layer forms in less than 10−6s and responds to changes in a similar time frame. This is about 1,000 times faster than an electrochemical reaction at a battery electrode that has a time constant in the range of 10−3s. These devices find application where high-power delivery is required.

This chapter was originally published as part of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology edited by Robert A. Meyers. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

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Abbreviations

Carbon structure and texture:

The structure is the arrangement of the carbon atoms in the space since the texture is the arrangement of the graphene layers in the space for giving porosity or empty space accessible for molecules or ions.

Electric double layer capacitor:

Electrochemical capacitor in which the charge storage is achieved electrostatically because of the separation of charges in a double layer across the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Nanocarbon:

Carbon material consisting in more or less disordered graphene layers which can be synthesized with different structures, porous texture, and surface functionality.

Pseudo-capacitor:

Electrochemical capacitor in which the charge storage is achieved by an electron transfer that produces chemical or oxidation state changes in the electrode materials. As a difference from a battery, the electrode potential varies proportionally to the charge exchanged.

Supercapacitor or electrochemical capacitor:

Electrochemical energy storage device in which the voltage declines linearly with the extent of charge. A supercapacitor consists of two electrodes separated by a porous membrane immersed in an electrolyte.

Surface functionality:

Surface groups are ubiquitously present at the edges of graphene sheets in carbon materials, especially the high surface area ones. Oxygen-containing surface groups are the most occurring ones but carbon can contain other heteroatoms, such as nitrogen or sulfur.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre on Divided Matter, CRMD-CNRS & Orléans University, 1B rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans, France

    François Béguin & Encarnación Raymundo-Piñero

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  1. François Béguin
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  2. Encarnación Raymundo-Piñero
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Correspondence to François Béguin .

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  1. Broddarp of Nevada, Fountain Springs Drive 2161, Henderson, 89014, Nevada, USA

    Ralph J. Brodd

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Béguin, F., Raymundo-Piñero, E. (2013). Nanocarbons for Supercapacitors. In: Brodd, R. (eds) Batteries for Sustainability. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5791-6_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5791-6_12

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