Simulation and Patient Fixation Methods

Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer patients, the appropriate indications and use of modern methods has been confirmed positive contributions that disease, disease-specific and overall survival in meta-analysis [1, 2]. The aim of RT is homogeneous distribution of the dose required for tumor control (±5%) at the target volume while protecting healthy tissue [3]. RT techniques can be difficult and vary depending on the anatomic structure of the region to be irradiated (breast, chest wall, or regional lymphatic) that target volumes could be in different depths and geometries [3–5]. Over time, with technologic advances and increasing experience in clinical practice, different simulation and treatment techniques have been developed [6–17]. Beginning in the 1950s, use of megavoltage treatment equipment in modern RT processes has reached a new point, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography (CT) for treatment planning and in determining the target volumes. In a realistic virtual environment, a large number of techniques can be reviewed and an optimal technique can be formed using modern planning computers. Intensity modulated radiotherapy is becoming increasingly popular for critical organ volumes and dose reductions better than for target volume can be achieved [18, 19].