Skip to main content

Reliability and Degradation of III-V Optical Devices Focusing on Gradual Degradation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices

Abstract

This chapter describes studies on the reliability of semiconductor optical devices over more than three decades, dating back to the early 1970s, focusing on gradual degradation. First, three main degradation modes for optical devices, rapid degradation, gradual degradation, and catastrophic failure, are outlined (see also Chaps. 1 and 5). Next, the results of the classical research into rapid degradation that was carried out in the 1970s and 1980s are presented as an introduction to a systematic discussion of the research that followed—remarkable research into gradual degradation. Then, we discuss the influence of local strain to the gradual degradation and methods for eliminating the gradual degradation rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. O. Ueda, J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 11C (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Ueda, Reliability and Degradation of III-V Optical Devices (Artech House Publishers, Norwood, Boston, MA and London, England, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Fukuda, Reliability and Degradation of LEDs and Semiconductor Lasers (Artech House Publishers, Boston, MA and London, England, 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  4. P.M. Petroff, R.L. Hartman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 469 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Kishino, H. Nakashima, R. Ito, O. Nakada, Appl. Phys. Lett. 27, 207 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. O. Ueda, H. Imai, T. Fujiwara, S. Yamakoshi, T. Sugawara, T. Yamaoka, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 5316 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. P.M. Petroff, Semicond. Insul. 5, 307 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. Kondo, O. Ueda, S. Isozumi, S. Yamakoshi, K. Akita, T. Kotani, IEEE Trans. Elect. Device ED-30, 321 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. C.H. Henry, P.M. Petroff, R.A. Logan, F.R. Meritt, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 3721 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. O. Ueda, H. Imai, T. Kotani, K. Wakita, H. Saito, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6643 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. O. Ueda, K. Wakao, A. Yamaguchi, S. Komiya, S. Isozumi, I. Umebu, J. Appl. Phys. 58, 3996 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. O. Ueda, S. Yamakoshi, T. Sanada, I. Umebu, T. Kotani, O. Hasegawa, J. Appl. Phys. 53, 9170 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. O. Ueda, S. Yamakoshi, I. Umebu, T. Sanada, T. Kotani, J. Appl. Phys. 54, 6732 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. O. Ueda, Nikkei Electron. 5-5, 152 (2008) (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  15. O. Ueda, S. Isozumi, T. Kotani, T. Yamaoka, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3950 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Ishida, T. Kamejima, J. Electron. Mater. 8, 57 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. O. Ueda, K. Wakao, A. Yamaguchi, S. Isozumi, S. Komiya, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 1523 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Saito, T. Kawakami, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 564 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. O. Ueda, I. Umebu, S. Yamakoshi, T. Kotani, J. Appl. Phys. 53, 2991 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Ishida, T. Kamejima, Y. Matsumoto, K. Endo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 16 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P.M. Petroff, L.C. Kimerling, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 461 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. O’Hara, P.W. Hutchinson, P.S. Dobson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 30, 368 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. R.D. Gold, L.R. Weisberg, Solid State Electron. 7, 811 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. O. Ueda, S. Isozumi, S. Yamakoshi, T. Kotani, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 765 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. B. Monemar, G.R. Woolhouse, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 65 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. O. Ueda, S. Yamakoshi, T. Yamaoka, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 19, L251 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Y.M. Cheng, R.W. Herrick, P.M. Petroff, M.K. Hibbs-Brenner, R.A. Morgan, Int. Reliab. Phys. Symp. 34, 211 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  28. For example, A Thesis by David T. Mathes, University of Virginia, p. 98 (also Figs. 4-30 and 4-31 shown in pages 100 and 101, respectively) (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Yamakoshi, T. Sugahara, O. Hasegawa, Y. Toyama, H. Takahashi, IEDM Technical Digest, December, 1978, p. 642

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Yamakoshi, O. Hasegawa, H. Hamaguchi, M. Abe, T. Yamaoka, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 627 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. D.V. Lang, R.A. Logan, J. Electron. Mater. 4, 1053 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. D.J. Mazey, R.B. Barns, A. Howie, Philos. Mag. 7, 1861 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Thomas, M.J. Goringe, Transmission Electron Microscopy of Materials (Wiley, New York, 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  34. I. Hayashi, in Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. A57(Suppl) (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  35. G.M. Glom, J. Cryst. Growth 36, 125 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. O. Ueda, S. Yamakoshi, S. Komiya, K. Akita, T. Yamaoka, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 300 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Wakita, H. Takaoka, M. Seki, M. Fukuda, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 525 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. P.M. Petroff, SPIE 2683, 52 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Yamakoshi, M. Abe, S. Komiya, Y. Toyama, IEDM Tech. Dig., December 1979, p.122

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Yamakoshi, M. Abe, O. Wada, S. Komiya, T. Sakurai, IEEE QE-17, 167 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  41. A.K. Chin, C.L. Ziepfel, S. Mahajan, F. Ermanis, M.A. DiGiseppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 555 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Mahajan, A.K. Chin, C.L. Ziepfel, D. Brasen, B.H. Chin, R.T. Tung, S. Nakahara, Mater. Lett. 2, 184 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S.N.G. Chu, S. Nakahara, M.E. Twigg, L.A. Koszi, E.J. Flynn, A.K. Chin, B.P. Segner, W.D. Johnston Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 63, 611 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. O. Ueda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49, 090001 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. B.C. de Cooman, C.W.T. Bulle-Lieuwma, J.A. de Poorter, W. Nijman, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3919 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. I. Mito, M. Kitamura, K. Kobayashi, S. Murata, M. Seki, Y. Odagiri, H. Nishimoto, M. Yamaguchi, K. Kobayashi, J. Lightwave Technol. 1, 195 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. U. Goesele, F. Morehead, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 4617 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. K. Endo, K. Kobayashi, H. Fujii, Y. Ueno, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 146 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Tomiya, T. Hino, S. Goto, M. Takeya, M. Ikeda, IEEE Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10, 1277 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Ikeda, O. Ueda, S. Komiya, I. Umebu, J. Appl. Phys. 58, 2448 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. G.H. Olsen, M. Ettenberg, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 2543 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. E.D. Pierron, D.L. Parker, J.B. Mcneely, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4669 (1967)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Ettenberg, R.J. Paff, J. Appl. Phys. 41, 3926 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. P.A. Kirkby, P.R. Selway, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4567 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Theory of Elasticity (Pergamon, New York, 1970)

    Google Scholar 

  56. B. Wakefield, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 7914 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. M.J. Robertson, B. Wakefield, P.W. Hutchinson, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 4462 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. C. Frigeri, J.L. Weyer, M. Baeumler, S. Muller, W. Jantz, J. Luft, G. Herrmann, W. Spath, Institute of Physics Conference Series No. 160. IOP Publish, Bristol, England, p. 483 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  59. R.H. Wu, D. Allsop, A.R. Peaker, Electron. Lett. 18, 75 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. P.K. Bhattacharya, S. Subramanian, M.J. Ludowise, J. Appl. Phys. 55, 3664 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. K. Hikosaka, T. Mimura, S. Hiyamizu, Institute of Physics Conference Series No. 63. IOP Publish, Bristol, England, p. 233 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  62. S. Naritsuka, K. Yamanaka, M. Mihara, M. Ishii, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23, L112 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. P.M. Mooney, R. Fischer, H. Morkoc, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 1928 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. E. Calleja, E. Munoz, B. Jimenez, A. Gomez, F. Garcia, F. Kellert, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 5295 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Kaniewska, J. Kaniewski, J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1086 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. W.-P. Hong et al., J. Electron. Mater. 16, 271 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. K. Nakashima et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. A103, 511 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. T. Yagi, Y. Fujiwara, T. Nishino, Y. Hamakawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 22, L467 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Z. Chen et al., Proceedings of Conference on Semi-Insulating III-V Materials (IOP Publish, Malmo, 1988), p. 231

    Google Scholar 

  70. S. Laualiche et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 1361 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. M.O. Watanabe, Y. Ohba, J. Appl. Phys. 60, 1032 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Zhu Q-S, K. Hiramatsu, N. Sawaki, I. Akasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys 28, L1326 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. K. Kitahara, M. Hoshino, M. Ozeki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27, L110 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. J.F. Chen et al., J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3711 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. D. Biswas et al., J. Appl. Phys. 67, 2450 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. Y. Sasai, Y. Yamazoe, M. Okuyama, T. Nishino, Y. Hamakawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18, 1415 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Osamu Ueda .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ueda, O. (2013). Reliability and Degradation of III-V Optical Devices Focusing on Gradual Degradation. In: Ueda, O., Pearton, S. (eds) Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4337-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4337-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4336-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4337-7

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics