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Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Head Trauma pp 1–27Cite as

Historical Perspectives in Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury and in Situating Disruption in CBF in the Pathotrajectory of Head Trauma

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts normal function of the brain. Though not all head injuries are classified as traumatic, TBI is a major public health problem. It is estimated that 1.7 million people sustain a TBI each year, and of these injuries, 275,000 require hospitalization with 52,000 resulting in death (Faul et al. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2010). TBI has been found to be the leading cause of disability among individuals under 40, contributing to 30.5 % of all injury-related deaths in the USA (Langlois et al., MMWR 52:1–8, 2003). Furthermore, the high prevalence and morbidity of TBI add to the exceeding cost of treating affected patients, which in the USA alone has been estimated to exceed $56 billion annually (Langlois et al., MMWR 52:1–8, 2003). However, despite the seemingly alarming epidemiology of TBI, it has only recently gained significant attention in the scientific realm. This chapter will explore the historical perspectives of situating head trauma in the forefront of discovery by focusing on its prevalence through time in literature, its ever-changing definitions, and diagnoses. In doing so, Chap. 1 will set the tone for the importance of the subsequent chapters.

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  1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Christopher Betrus BS

  2. John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Detroit, MI, USA

    Christian W. Kreipke PhD

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  1. , Health Science Specialist, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, 4646 John R Street, Detroit, 48201, Michigan, USA

    Christian W. Kreipke

  2. School of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, 48201, Michigan, USA

    Jose A. Rafols

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Betrus, C., Kreipke, C.W. (2013). Historical Perspectives in Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury and in Situating Disruption in CBF in the Pathotrajectory of Head Trauma. In: Kreipke, C., Rafols, J. (eds) Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Head Trauma. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4148-9_1

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