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Phytochemicals, Plant Growth, and the Environment pp 37–58Cite as

Endophyte Mycotoxins in Animal Health

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Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 42))

Abstract

Fescue toxicosis and perennial ryegrass staggers are two of the most common toxic plant diseases plaguing livestock in the United States, and result from consumption of forage containing the endophyte-produced mycotoxins ergovaline and lysergic acid (fescue toxicosis) and lolitrem B (ryegrass staggers). Our group has developed analytical assays for detecting these compounds, which serve a dual purpose (1) high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence assays are used to measure these compounds in feed material in order to promote “safe feed” through diagnostic testing in a service laboratory environment, and (2) highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays are utilized to study the fate and metabolism of these compounds in a diversity of livestock matrices so that a more refined understanding as to the etiology of the diseases these compounds cause can be achieved. A discussion applying these techniques to both current and anticipated studies is given, with an emphasis on impacts to trade and food safety regulation.

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Abbreviations

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

DCM:

Dichloromethane

ACN:

Acetonitrile

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantitation

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ESI(+):

Electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

APCI(+):

Positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

ppb:

Parts per billion

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Acknowledgments

Funding for studies conducted in the authors’ laboratories was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (58-6227-8-044) and the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station (project ORE00871). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 139 Oak Creek Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Jennifer M. Duringer

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, 139 Oak Creek Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Lia Murty

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 101 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    A. Morrie Craig

Authors
  1. Jennifer M. Duringer
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  2. Lia Murty
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  3. A. Morrie Craig
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer M. Duringer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646340, Pullman, 99164-6340, USA

    David R Gang

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Duringer, J.M., Murty, L., Craig, A.M. (2013). Endophyte Mycotoxins in Animal Health. In: Gang, D. (eds) Phytochemicals, Plant Growth, and the Environment. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 42. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4066-6_3

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