Abstract
Initiation of translation is a key step of protein synthesis. Two basic mechanisms govern translation initiation in eukaryotic mRNAs, the cap-dependent initiation mechanism that operates in the vast majority of mRNAs and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism. IRES elements, first discovered in picornaviruses, are cis-acting RNA sequences that form secondary and tertiary structures and recruit the translation machinery using a 5′ end-independent mechanism, usually assisted by a subset of translation initiation factors and various RNA-binding proteins termed IRES transacting factors (ITAFs). RNA-binding proteins are pivotal regulators of gene expression, including internal initiation of translation, in response to numerous stresses. This chapter discusses recent advances on riboproteomic approaches aimed to identify ITAFs and the relationship between RNA–protein interaction and IRES activity.
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Abbreviations
- CBV3:
-
Coxsackie B3 virus
- DHX9:
-
DEAH-box polypeptide 9
- DRBP76:
-
Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 76
- Ebp1:
-
erbB-3-binding protein 1
- eIFs:
-
Translation initiation factors
- EMCV:
-
Encephalomyocarditis virus
- FBP2:
-
Binding protein 2
- FMDV:
-
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
- FUSE:
-
Far upstream element
- G3BP:
-
Ras-GTPase-activating protein
- HCV:
-
Hepatitis C virus
- HIV-1:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- hnRNPs:
-
Heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins
- HRV:
-
Human rhinovirus
- IGF2BP1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 1
- IRES:
-
Internal ribosome entry site
- ITAFs:
-
IRES transacting factors
- LEF-1:
-
Lymphoid enhancer factor
- NF45:
-
Nuclear factor of activated T cells
- PABP1:
-
Poly(A) binding protein
- PCBP1-2:
-
Poly(rC) binding protein
- PTB:
-
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein
- PV:
-
Poliovirus
- RRM:
-
RNA recognition motif
- SILAC:
-
Stable isotopic labeling with amino acid in cell culture
- Unr:
-
Upstream of N-ras
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This work was supported by grant BFU2011-25437, CSD2009-00080, and by an Institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces.
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Martinez-Salas, E., Piñeiro, D., Fernandez, N. (2012). Riboproteomic Approaches to Understanding IRES Elements. In: Dinman, J. (eds) Biophysical approaches to translational control of gene expression. Biophysics for the Life Sciences, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3991-2_6
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