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Role in Plasma Membrane Electron Transport

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Abstract

A transplasma membrane electron transport chain is possessed by all eukaryotic cells and organisms. One or more NADH-coenzyme Q reductase enzymes located on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane, coenzyme Q within the membrane, and the ENOX proteins on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that serve as hydroquinone oxidases comprise the chain. Electron transfers to artificial electron impermeant acceptors such as ferricyanide and diferric transferrin bypass the cell surface ENOX proteins but the specific electron carriers remain to be identified. Porin isoform 1 or VDAC of the plasma membrane and a 57-kDa doxorubicin-inhibited NADH quinone oxidoreductase have been proposed as candidates. Proton pumping resulting in acidification of the medium and alkalinization of the cytosol accompanies plasma transplasma membrane electron transport to generate a transmembrane potential. NADH levels provide links to plasma membrane electron transport (PMET) to major signaling pathways, sirtuin-catalyzed reactions, regulation of clock function, modulation of the sphingosine rheostat, and the PDK-1 regulatory protein PTEN. As many aggressive and invasive cancers rely on glycolysis for their energy requirements, the increased glycolytic rates involve PMET activity in order to ameliorate reductive stress caused by a build-up of intracellular NADH. Recycling of NADH is a major function.

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Morré, D.J., Morré, D.M. (2012). Role in Plasma Membrane Electron Transport. In: ECTO-NOX Proteins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3958-5_4

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