Abstract
Malignant brain tumors (including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade gliomas) are among the most lethal cancers and are associated with poor survival rates despite advances in basic science and clinical management. These tumors are surgically removed when possible and treated with radiation and chemotherapy, however they often recur due to their infiltrative nature and a fraction of cells that is refractory to therapy. These resistant cells have self-renewal properties along with the ability to propagate a heterogeneous tumor upon transplantation in a mouse model and have been termed cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells within the brain have been shown to be resistant to therapies including radiation and chemotherapy and rely on stem cell signaling pathways to promote their self-renewal. In addition to brain tumors, cancer stem cells have been identified in a variety of other solid tumors and provide an additional conceptual link between cancer and developmental biology that is likely to generate insight into both fields. Here we will discuss the basic biology of cancer stem cells within malignant brain tumors, provide an update on intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that regulate cancer stem cell maintenance, and outline the technology associated with enrichment strategies for cancer stem cells and the use of genetic animal models.
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Lathia, J.D., Li, M., Bonnamain, V., Rich, J.N. (2012). Stem Cell Pathways in Brain Tumors. In: Rao, M., Carpenter, M., Vemuri, M. (eds) Neural Development and Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3801-4_13
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