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Dusk at the Palace: Exploring Minoan Spiritualities

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Archaeology of Spiritualities

Part of the book series: One World Archaeology ((WORLDARCH))

Abstract

“Minoan” Crete (Greece, third to second millennia bc) was an important part of Aegean prehistory and its archaeology forms a cornerstone of Cretan identity. Substantial work has sought to codify Minoan religion and ritual, especially with reference to the identification of deities, the use of religion in economy and politics, and the reconstruction of cult actions and locales. The issue of spirituality, especially its embodied dimension, has been almost completely avoided. Understandably, the two main reasons are: (a) the non-quantifiable nature of any such investigation, and (b) the Judeo-Christian, gender-biased, Eurocentric perspective of most approaches. This paper explores three interrelated aspects of Minoan spirituality. The first regards ways of approaching Minoan spirituality in the Bronze Age, drawing upon relevant somatic data. The second regards the complex and palimpsestic experiences by archaeologists of Minoan material culture. The third regards the veneration of Minoan antiquities by the Greek public and some followers of the broader Goddess movement, as physically, emotionally and intellectually played out in modern Crete. In essence, the paper adopts reflexive approaches which seek to not necessarily explain away, but perhaps to understand Minoan spirituality diachronically. Several important issues thus emerge and are discussed: embodiment, gender, epistemology, intolerance, institutionalization and, ultimately, personal, cultural and religious identities.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See, for example, Alexiou 1958; Warren 1981; Hägg and Marinatos 1981; Gesell 1983; Marinatos 1986; Rutkowski 1986; Marinatos 1987; Warren 1988; Rutkowski 1991; Marinatos 1993; Dickinson 1994; Rutkowski and Nowicki 1996; Alberti 1997, Hamilakis 1998; Goodison and Morris 1998b; Laffineur and Hägg 2001; Goodison 2001; Alberti 2001; 2002; Morris and Peatfield 2001; Fitton 2002; Goodison 2004; Morris and Peatfield 2004; Nowicki 2007; Vasilakis and Branigan 2010.

  2. 2.

    This was the official written version of Greek until the early 1980s, an archaic, partly artificial version of the language.

  3. 3.

    See Peatfield (1992); Peatfield (2001); Morris and Peatfield (2002). See also Morris (2001, 2009b).

  4. 4.

    See also Morris(2004).

  5. 5.

    Although this is taken as my focus here, my analysis is also based on other accounts of the Minoan Goddess thealogy (e.g., Christ n.d.a–g; Harrison 1999; Beavis 2005; Rountree 2001, 2006; da Costa 2006; Holt 2007).

  6. 6.

    Also consider the discussion in Hobsbawm (1983) regarding the invention of tradition.

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Acknowledgements

I sincerely thank Christine Morris and Alan A.D. Peatfield for inviting me to contribute to their 2008 WAC-6 session entitled “Archaeology and the Goddess: Creating Dialogue”, for providing Morris and Peatfield 2004 and for drawing my attention to Goodison 2010. I also thank Christine Morris, Alan A.D. Peatfield and Kathryn Rountree for subsequently inviting me to participate in this volume and for their very fruitful dialogue. Finally, my thanks go to Trevor Grimshaw and Fay Stevens for constructive discussions on this subject. All errors remain my own.

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  1. Classical and Archaeological Studies, School of European Culture and Languages, University of Kent, The Gatehouse, Kent, UK

    Anna Simandiraki-Grimshaw

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  1. Anna Simandiraki-Grimshaw
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  1. , School of Social and Cultural Studies, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand

    Kathryn Rountree

  2. , Department of Classics, School of Histor, Trinity College,Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland

    Christine Morris

  3. , School of Archaeology, University College, Dublin, Newman Building, Dublin, 4, Ireland

    Alan A. D. Peatfield

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Simandiraki-Grimshaw, A. (2012). Dusk at the Palace: Exploring Minoan Spiritualities. In: Rountree, K., Morris, C., Peatfield, A. (eds) Archaeology of Spiritualities. One World Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3354-5_12

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