Abstract
Experimental functional analysis, as it relates to the assessment of severe behavior disorders, refers to behavioral assessment procedures that involve manipulation of variables hypothesized to maintain problematic behavior (e.g., Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994). For example, the assessment could involve intentionally providing attention as a consequence to problematic behavior in one test condition to test whether such attention increases (i.e., reinforces) the problem behavior. By testing for sensitivity to attention (and other consequences) as reinforcement, an experimental functional analysis has utility distinct from other forms of behavioral assessment insofar as the variables hypothesized to maintain behavior are directly manipulated rather than inferred.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Athens, E., & Vollmer, T. R. (2010). An evaluation of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior without extinction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43, 569–589.
Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91–97.
Bandura, A., & Waiters, R. H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Baumeister, A., & Forehand, R. (1973). Stereotyped acts. In N. R. Ellis (Ed.), International review of research in mental retardation (Vol. 6, pp. 55–96). New York: Academic.
Bloom, S. E., Iwata, B. A., Fritz, J. N., Roscoe, E. M., & Carreau, A. B. (2011). Classroom application of a trial-based functional analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 19–31.
Borrero, C. S. W., & Borrero, J. C. (2008). Descriptive and experimental analyses of potential precursors to problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 83–96.
Borrero, J. C., & Vollmer, T. R. (2002). An application of the matching law to severe problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 13–27.
Borrero, C. S. W., Vollmer, T. R., Borrero, J. C., Bourret, J. C., Sloman, K. N., Samaha, A. L., et al. (2010). Concurrent reinforcement schedules for problem behavior and appropriate behavior: Experimental applications of the matching law. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 93, 455–469.
Carr, E. G. (1977). The motivation of self-injurious behavior: A review of some hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 800–816.
Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111–126.
Carr, E. G., Newsom, C. D., & Binkoff, J. A. (1976). Stimulus control of self-destructive behavior in a psychotic child. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, 139–153.
Chapman, S., Fisher, W., Piazza, C. C., & Kurtz, P. F. (1993). Functional assessment and treatment of life-threatening drug ingestion in a dually diagnosed youth. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 255–256.
Cooper, L., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Reimers, T., & Donn, L. (1990). Using parents as therapists to evaluate appropriate behavior of their children: Application to a tertiary diagnostic clinic. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 285–296.
Cowdery, G. E., Iwata, B. A., & Pace, G. M. (1990). Effects and side effects of DRO as treatment for self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 497–506.
Dorsey, M. F., Iwata, B. A., Reid, D. H., & Davis, P. A. (1982). Protective equipment: Continuous and contingent application in the treatment of self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15, 217–230.
Durand, V. M., & Carr, E. G. (1987). Social influences on “self-stimulatory” behavior: Analysis and treatment application. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 119–132.
Fisher, W. W., Piazza, C. C., & Chiang, C. L. (1996). Effects of equal and unequal reinforcer duration during functional analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 117–120.
Hanley, G. P., Iwata, B. A., & McCord, B. E. (2003). Functional analysis of problem behavior: A review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 147–185.
Herscovitch, B., Roscoe, E. M., Libby, M. E., Bourret, J. C., & Ahearn, W. H. (2009). A procedure for identifying precursors to problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 697–702.
Hutchinson, R. R. (1977). By-products of aversive control. In W. K. Honig & L. L. Staddon (Eds.), Handbook of operant behavior (pp. 415–431). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Ing, A. D., Roane, H. S., & Veenstra, R. A. (2011). Functional analysis and treatment of coprophagia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 151–155.
Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1994). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 197–209 (Reprinted from Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2 3–20, 1982).
Iwata, B. A., Duncan, B. A., Zarcone, J. R., Lerman, D. C., & Shore, B. A. (1994). A sequential, test-control methodology for conducting functional analyses of self-injurious behavior. Behavior Modification, 18, 289–306.
Iwata, B. A., Pace, G. M., Cowdery, G. E., & Miltenberger, R. G. (1994). What makes extinction work: An analysis of procedural form and function. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 131–144.
Iwata, B. A., Pace, G. M., Dorsey, M. F., Zarcone, J. R., Vollmer, T. R., Smith, R. G., et al. (1994). The functions of self-injurious behavior: An experimental-epidemiological analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 215–240.
Iwata, B. A., Pace, G. M., Kalsher, M. J., Cowdery, G. E., & Cataldo, M. F. (1990). Experimental analysis and extinction of self-injurious escape behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 11–27.
Iwata, B. A., Wallace, M. D., Kahng, S., Lindberg, J. S., Roscoe, E. M., Conners, J., et al. (2000). Skill acquisition in the implementation of functional analysis methodology. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 181–194.
Kahng, S., Abt, K., & Schonbachler, H. (2001). Assessment and treatment of low-rate high-intensity problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 225–228.
Kahng, S., Iwata, B. A., DeLeon, I. G., & Worsdell, A. S. (1997). Evaluation of the “control over reinforcement” component in functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 267–277.
Kern, L., Mauk, J. E., Marder, T. J., & Mace, E. C. (1995). Functional analysis and intervention for breath-holding. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 339–340.
Lalli, J. S., Mace, F. C., Wohn, T., & Livezy, K. (1995). Identification and modification of a response-class hierarchy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 551–559.
Lalli, J. S., Vollmer, T. R., Progar, P. R., Wright, C., Borrero, J., Daniel, D., et al. (1999). Competition between positive and negative reinforcement in the treatment of escape behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 285–295.
Lerman, D. C., & Iwata, B. A. (1996). A methodology for distinguishing between extinction and punishment effects associated with response blocking. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 231–234.
Lovaas, O. I., & Simmons, J. Q. (1969). Manipulation of self-destruction in three retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2, 143–157.
Mace, F. C., & Knight, D. (1986). Functional analysis and treatment of severe pica. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 19, 411–416.
Marcus, B. A., & Vollmer, T. R. (1995). Effects of differential negative reinforcement on disruption and compliance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 229–230.
Marcus, B. A., Vollmer, T. R., Swanson, V., Roane, H. R., & Ringdahl, J. E. (2001). An experimental analysis of aggression. Behavior Modification, 25, 189–213.
Mazaleski, J. L., Iwata, B. A., Rodgers, T. A., Vollmer, T. R., & Zarcone, J. R. (1994). Protective equipment as treatment for stereotypic hand mouthing: Sensory extinction or punishment effects? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 345–355.
Najdowski, A. C., Wallace, M. D., Ellsworth, C. L., MacAleese, A. N., & Cleveland, J. M. (2008). Functional analyses and treatment of precursor behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 97–105.
Northup, J., Broussard, C., Jones, K., George, T., Vollmer, T. R., & Herring, M. (1995). The differential effects of teacher and peer attention on the disruptive classroom behavior of three children with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 227–228.
Northup, J., Wacker, D., Sasso, G., Steege, M., Cigrand, K., Cook, J., et al. (1991). A brief functional analysis of aggressive and alternative behavior in an outclinic setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 509–522.
Piazza, C. C., Bowman, L. G., Contrucci, S. A., Delia, M. D., Adelinis, J. D., & Goh, H. (1999). An evaluation of the properties of attention as reinforcement for destructive and appropriate behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 437–449.
Richman, D. M., Wacker, D. P., Asmus, J. M., Casey, S. D., & Andelman, M. (1999). Further analysis of problem behavior in response class hierarchies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 269–283.
Ringdahl, J. E., Vollmer, T. R., Marcus, B. A., & Roane, H. S. (1997). An analog evaluation of environmental enrichment as treatment for aberrant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 203–216.
Shirley, M. J., Iwata, B. A., & Kahng, S. (1999). False-positive maintenance of self-injurious behavior by access to tangible reinforcers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 201–204.
Shore, B. A., Iwata, B. A., Vollmer, T. R., Lerman, D. C., & Zarcone, J. R. (1995). Pyramidal staff training in the extension of treatment for severe behavior disorders. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 323–332.
Smith, R. G., & Churchill, R. M. (2002). Identification of environmental determinants of behavior disorders through functional analysis of precursor behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 125–136.
Smith, R. G., Iwata, B. A., Vollmer, T. R., & Pace, G. M. (1992). On the relationship between self-injurious behavior and self-restraint. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 433–445.
Smith, R. G., Lerman, D. C., & Iwata, B. A. (1996). Self-restraint as positive reinforcement for self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 99–102.
Smith, R. G., Russo, L., & Le, D. D. (1999). Distinguishing between extinction and punishment effects of response blocking: A replication. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 367–370.
Sturmey, P. (1995). Analog baselines: A critical review of the methodology. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16, 269–284.
Ulrich, R. E., & Azrin, N. H. (1962). Reflexive fighting in response to aversive stimulation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5, 511–520.
Vollmer, T. R. (1994). The concept of automatic reinforcement: Implications for behavioral research in developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 15, 187–207.
Vollmer, T. R., Iwata, B. A., Duncan, B. A., & Lerman, D. C. (1993). Extensions of multi element functional analyses using reversal-type designs. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 5, 311–325.
Vollmer, T. R., Iwata, B. A., Smith, R. G., & Rodgers, T. A. (1992). Reduction of multiple aberrant behaviors and concurrent development of self-care skills with differential reinforcement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 13, 287–299.
Vollmer, T. R., Iwata, B. A., Smith, R. G., Zarcone, J. R., & Mazaleski, J. L. (1993). The role of attention in the treatment of attention-maintained self-injurious behavior: Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 9–21.
Vollmer, T. R., Iwata, B. A., Zarcone, J. R., Smith, R. S., & Mazaleski, J. L. (1993). Within-session patterns of self-injury as indicators of behavioral function. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 14, 479–492.
Vollmer, T. R., Marcus, B. A., & LeBlanc, L. (1994). Treatment of self-injury and handmouthing following inconclusive functional analyses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 331–344.
Vollmer, T. R., Marcus, B. A., & Ringdahl, J. E. (1995a). Noncontingent escape as treatment for self-injury maintained by negative reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 15–26.
Vollmer, T. R., Marcus, B. A., Ringdahl, J. E., & Roane, H. S. (1995b). Progressing from brief assessments to extended experimental analyses in the evaluation of aberrant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 561–576.
Vollmer, T. R., Progar, P. R., Lalli, J. S., VanCamp, C. M., Sierp, B. J., Wright, C. S., et al. (1998). Fixed-time schedules attenuate extinction-induced phenomena in the treatment of severe aberrant behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 529–542.
Vollmer, T. R., & Smith, R. G. (1996). Some current themes in functional analysis research. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 229–249.
Weeden, M., Mahoney, A., & Poling, A. (2010). Self-injurious behavior and functional analysis: Where are the descriptions of participant protections? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 299–303.
Wallace, M. D., & Iwata, B. A. (1999). Effects of session duration on functional analysis outcomes. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 175–183.
Wilder, D. A., Masuda, A., O’Conner, C., & Baham, M. (2001). Brief functional analysis and treatment of aberrant vocalizations in an adult with schizophrenia. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 65–68.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vollmer, T.R., Roane, H.S., Rone, A.B. (2012). Experimental Functional Analysis. In: Matson, J. (eds) Functional Assessment for Challenging Behaviors. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3037-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3037-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3036-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3037-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)