Skip to main content

Transport and Mixing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology ((SERDP/ESTCP,volume 4))

Abstract

This chapter is a tutorial overview of physical transport processes in the subsurface, particularly as they pertain to chemical delivery and mixing. This chapter is intended as background material to facilitate the understanding of Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Readers with backgrounds in physical hydrogeology and fluid mechanics may want to skip all or parts of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson MP. 1979. Using models to simulate the movement of contaminants through groundwater flow systems. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control, pp 97–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • API (American Petroleum Institute). 1956. API Recommended Practice for Determining Permeability of Porous Media. RP-27. API, Dallas, TX, USA. 30 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbogast T, Douglas J Jr, Hornung U. 1990. Derivation of the double porosity model of single phase flow via homogenization theory. SIAM J Math Analysis 21:823–836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass DM Jr. 1987. Properties of reservoir rocks. In Bradley HB, ed, Petroleum Engineering Handbook. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Richardson, TX, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bear J. 1972. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media. American Elsevier, New York, NY, USA. 764 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bear J, Verruijt A. 1987. Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution with Computer Programs for Sample Cases. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 414 p.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bedient PB, Rifai HS, Newell CJ. 1999. Ground Water Contamination: Transport and Remediation. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. 604 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charbeneau RJ. 2006. Groundwater Hydraulics and Pollutant Transport. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove, IL, USA. 593 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charbeneau RJ, Bedient PB, Loehr RC. 1992. Groundwater Remediation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. 188 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu M, Kitanidis PK, McCarty PL. 2005. Modeling microbial reactions at the plume fringe subject to transverse mixing in porous media: When can the rates of microbial reaction be assumed to be Instantaneous? Water Resour Res 41, W06002, 10.1029/2004WR003495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cirpka OA, Valocchi AJ. 2007. Two-dimensional concentration distribution for mixing- controlled bioreactive transport in steady state. Adv Water Resour 30:1668–1679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crank J. 1975. The Mathematics of Diffusion, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 347 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushman JH. 1997. The Physics of Fluids in Hierarchical Porous Media: Angstroms to Miles. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 467 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dagan G. 1982a. Analysis of flow through heterogeneous random aquifers: 2. Unsteady flow in confined formations. Water Resour Res 18:1571–1585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dagan G. 1982b. Stochastic modeling of groundwater flow by unconditional and conditional probabilities: 2. The solute transport. Water Resour Res 18:835–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dagan G. 1989. Flow and Transport in Porous Formations. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA. 465 p.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Davis JA, Yabusaki SB, Steefel CI, Zachara JM, Curtis GP, Redden GD, Criscenti LJ, Honeyman BD. 2004. Assessing conceptual models for subsurface reactive transport of inorganic contaminants. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 85:449–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deMarsily G. 1986. Quantitative Hydrogeology: Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 440 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domenico PA, Schwartz FW. 1998. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York, NY, USA. 506 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dullien FAL. 1979. Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 396 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fetter CW. 1998. Contaminant Hydrogeology, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. 500 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fetter CW. 2000. Applied Hydrogeology, 4th ed. Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. 598 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeze RA, Cherry JA. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. 604 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freyberg DL. 1986. A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: 2. Spatial moments and the advection and dispersion of nonreactive tracers. Water Resour Res 22:2031–2046.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garabedian SP, LeBlanc DR, Gelhar LW, Celia MA. 1991. Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 2. Analysis of spatial moments for a nonreactive tracer. Water Resour Res 27:911–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelhar LW. 1993. Stochastic Subsurface Hydrology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA. 390 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggerty R, McKenna SA, Meigs LC. 2000. On the late-time behavior of tracer test breakthrough curves. Water Resour Res 36:3467–3479.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hearst JR, Nelson PH, Paillet FL. 2000. Well Logging for Physical Properties, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, NY, USA. 483 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemond HF, Fechner EJ. 1999. Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 433 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang WE, Oswald SE, Lerner DN, Smith CC, Zheng C. 2003. Dissolved oxygen imaging in a porous medium to investigate biodegradation in a plume with limited electron acceptor supply. Environ Sci Technol 37:1905–1911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor V, Gelhar LW. 1994. Transport in three-dimensionally heterogeneous aquifers: 2. Predictions and observations of concentration fluctuations. Water Resour Res 30:1789–1801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor V, Kitanidis PK. 1998. Concentration fluctuations and dilution in aquifers. Water Resour Res 34:1181–1193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitanidis PK. 1990. Effective hydraulic conductivity for gradually varying flow. Water Resour Res 26:1197–1208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeBlanc DR, Garabedian SP, Hess KM, Gelhar LW, Quadri RD, Stollenwerk KG, Wood WW. 1991. Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: 1. Experimental design and observed tracer movement. Water Resour Res 27:895–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linde D. 1990. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71 ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linde N, Finsterle S, Hubbard S. 2006. Inversion of tracer test data using tomographic constraints. Water Resour Res 42, W04410, doi:10.1029/2004WR003806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay DM, Freyberg DL, Roberts PV, Cherry JA. 1986. A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: 1. Approach and overview of plume movement. Water Resour Res 22:2017–2029.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maerki M, Wehrli B, Dinkel C, Mueller B. 2004. The influence of tortuosity on molecular diffusion in freshwater sediments of high porosity. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68:1519–1528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalak AM, Kitanidis PK. 2000. Macroscopic behavior and random-walk particle tracking of kinetically sorbing solutes. Water Resour Res 36:2133–2146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts PV, Mackay DM. 1986. A Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport in a Sand Aquifer. Technical Report No 292, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin Y. 2003. Applied Stochastic Hydrogeology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 391 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saez AE, Otero CJ, Rusinec I. 1989. The effective homogeneous behavior of heterogeneous porous media. Transport in Porous Media 4:213–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger AE. 1961. General theory of dispersion in porous media. J Geophys Res 66: 3273–3278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger AE. 1974. The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media, 3rd ed. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 353 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semprini L, Roberts PV, Hopkins GD, McCarty PL. 1990. Field evaluation of in-situ biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes: Part 2, Results of biostimulation and biotransformation experiments. Ground Water 28:715–727.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thierrin J, Kitanidis PK. 1994. Solute dilution at the Borden and Cape Cod groundwater tracer tests. Water Resour Res 30:2883–2890, doi:10.1029/94WR01983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton SF, Quigley S, Spence MJ, Banwart SA, Bottrell S, Lerner DN. 2001. Processes controlling the distribution and natural attenuation of dissolved phenolic compounds in a deep sandstone aquifer. J Contam Hydrol 53:233–267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thullner M, Mauclaire L, Schroth MH, Kinzelbach W, Zeyer J. 2002. Interaction between water flow and spatial distribution of microbial growth in a two-dimensional flow field in saturated porous media. J Contam Hydrol 58:169–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warren JE, Root PJ. 1963. The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs. Soc Petroleum Eng J 3:245–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber WJ Jr, DiGiano FA. 1996. Process Dynamics in Environmental Systems. Wiley, New York, NY, USA. 848 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker S. 1986. Flow in porous media I: A theoretical derivation of Darcy’s law. Transp Porous Media 1:3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kitanidis, P.K. (2012). Transport and Mixing. In: Kitanidis, P., McCarty, P. (eds) Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface. SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics