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Source Remediation Challenges

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Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface

Part of the book series: SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology ((SERDP/ESTCP,volume 4))

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the challenges that impede successful remediation of chlorinated solvent source zones and recent advances in our ability to meet these challenges. The distribution (architecture) of DNAPL mass in these zones tends to be highly irregular, divided between ganglia and pools. Section 2 describes source zone architecture parameters or ‘metrics’ that may be used to describe DNAPL mass distribution characteristics that are associated with downgradient plume response, as well as efforts designed to predict and characterize DNAPL mass distribution. It is now generally understood that local groundwater concentrations can vary dramatically within a source zone region. Thus, increased attention is being focused on the quantification of mass flux as an alternative remedial endpoint. Section 3 presents an overview of recent research directed towards quantifying the relationship between DNAPL architecture and mass flux and developing tools for mass flux quantification and uncertainty analysis. To effectively design and implement in situ remediation technologies, it is essential that the overall extent, accessibility, composition, and spatial distribution of the DNAPL source zone is known. Detailed source zone characterization and real time monitoring can provide necessary data for targeted delivery of remedial agents, thereby minimizing costs and improving mass recovery. Section 4 explores the possible benefits of partial mass removal and the potential for using combined remedies to more effectively address DNAPL source zone management.

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Acknowledgements

This review was sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under contracts ER-1293 and ER-1612. The content of this publication has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the views of the agency sponsor.

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  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA

    L. M. Abriola, K. D. Pennell & C. A. Ramsburg

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    J. A. Christ

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  1. , Dept. Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Via Ortega 473, Stanford, 94305, California, USA

    Peter K. Kitanidis

  2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305-4020, California, USA

    Perry L. McCarty

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Abriola, L.M., Christ, J.A., Pennell, K.D., Ramsburg, C.A. (2012). Source Remediation Challenges. In: Kitanidis, P., McCarty, P. (eds) Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface. SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6_10

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