Abstract
Originating different manifestations of Mickey and friends outside of animation and successfully establishing these as a part of the cultural landscape, produced a firm base for the Master Narrative that Walt had conceived of in the first few months of Mickey’s success in Steamboat Willie . Mickey, Minnie, the Three Little Pigs , and their friends, and then Snow White and her friends the Seven Dwarfs enjoyed a popular, ubiquitous presence in neighborhoods across the country. The name “Walt Disney ” became synonymous with these likeable, friendly, and amusing characters, and with the technological innovations that brought them to their admiring public.
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Notes
- 1.
Mickey and his friends moved across media from books, magazines, and comics and then to the reality of Disneyland . In each medium they engaged and entertained their audience with different attributes. http://kayaozkaracalar3.blogspot.com/2011/09/mickey-mouse-fables.html; http://www.diannevetromile.com/DisneyBooks.htm; http://www.comics.org/issue/314993/; http://coa.inducks.org/story.php?c=UC+MMW++34.
- 2.
The first Mickey comics were the gag-a-day type; they were inspired by Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight. Photo of Mickey Mouse daily strip: http://bobcat74.free.fr/mmds/mmdsnotes.htm.
- 3.
Some of the early comic strips were drawn by Ub Iwerks , others by Walt Disney. By May 17, 1930, Floyd Gottfredson had taken over both drawing and writing. While the new strip was filled with sight gags it also had a continuous story. Photos of Mickey Mouse comic strips: http://disneycomics.free.fr/Mickey/show.php?num=75&loc=YM002.
- 4.
Mickey’s first book was distributed free to Mickey Mouse Club members. Mickey Mouse Book: http://vintagedisneymemorabilia.blogspot.com/2007/12/mickey-mouse-book.html.
- 5.
Instead of economical black and white, Walt wanted his first book to be published in color. The Adventures of Mickey Mouse : http://kayaozkaracalar3.blogspot.com/2008/12/adventures-of-mickey-mouse-1931.html.
- 6.
Mickey and Minnie appeared rodent-sized in the cartoon When the Cats Away and the beginning of Mickey’s first book, The Adventures of Mickey Mouse . Photo of When the Cats Away : http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=99. Photo of rodent-sized Mickey: http://kayaozkaracalar3.blogspot.com/2008/12/adventures-of-mickey-mouse-1931.html.
- 7.
Mickey reads to his young listeners on the cover of his new “Story Book.” Photo of Mickey Mouse Story Book: http://www.diannevetromile.com/DisneyBooks.htm.
- 8.
Dynamic and colorful, Mickey’s pop-up book encouraged children to play with the 3-D scenes. Photo of The Pop-Up Mickey Mouse : http://www.childrensbookstore.com/vintage-pop-up-books/1933/12/pop_book_mickey_mouse.
- 9.
Three-dimensional Mickey and friends “waddle” down the slanted board. Photo of Mickey Mouse Waddle Book: http://rarelibrary.com/book/OSZ/140.00/Mickey+Mouse+Waddle+Book,+The.html.
- 10.
The Mickey Mouse Little Big Book retold the comic strip stories. Photo of Mickey Mouse The Mail Pilot: http://www.biglittlebooks.com/newsletters/BLT-May-June2010.pdf.
- 11.
An Imagineer’s concept for Mainstreet shown in the Los Angeles Examiner insert printed July 15, 1955, the day before Disneyland opened. Photo from the Los Angeles Examiner: http://samlanddisney.blogspot.com/2011/05/what-is-disneyland-part-5.html.
- 12.
Thomas, Bob. An American Original: Walt Disney. New York: Disney Editions, 1994. p. 13.
- 13.
1955 Bank of America Disneyland Guide shows Main Street with the park-like “hub” from which visitors could view and then visit the different lands. Photo of the 1955 Bank of America Disneyland Guide: http://vintagedisneylandtickets.blogspot.com/2008/05/disneyland-1955-bank-of-america.html.
- 14.
In June 2010, Disney announced the first-of-its-kind Assistive Technology Device to provide detailed descriptions of the Disney Parks for guests with disabilities. At no additional cost to the guests, the handheld device offers detailed audio description for more than 50 attractions, amplified audio for the hearing impaired, captioning for the visual impaired during specific rides, and activation of closed captioning on television displays in pre-show areas. See http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2010/06/handheld-device-will-offer-detailed-descriptions-for-guests-with-disabilities-at-disney-parks/.
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Lee, N., Madej, K. (2012). Engaging Audiences Across Media. In: Disney Stories. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2101-6_9
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