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Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

During the last decades, a tremendous amount of results has been achieved from the scientific work in IBD. Especially, our present knowledge on genetic and immunologic mechanisms of disease has increased our understanding of Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Nevertheless, as the basic understanding of these mechanisms has progressed, it has become more and more clear that we need to improve our knowledge about the environmental factors that obviously are necessary for the development of these diseases.

It is evident from the increase in prevalence of IBD during the twentieth century, that the rise in socioeconomic status in different ways will lead to risk factors for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, since the increase of these diseases is highly related to a westernized lifestyle and industrialization.

On the other hand, the change in socioeconomy might occur quite differently in different geographic areas, and consequently, we will have to consider heterogeneity of risk factors applicable for the individual patients.

To better understand the importance of environment for the development of IBD, we must remember that we are facing risk factors of individual, familial, community-based, country-based, and regionally based origin. Standardized classifications in research are therefore of utmost importance to be able to evaluate the increasing number of reports from around the world. Differences in health-care systems make it even more difficult to study and evaluate if a disease is increasing or not, which again is important for the consideration of risk factors.

In the present review, an attempt has been made to discuss the environmental risk factors in relationship to a geographic framework, in order to form a basis for a future global understanding of risk factors in IBD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, 4959, Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway

    Morten H. Vatn MD, PhD

  2. University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Akershus, Norway

    Morten H. Vatn MD, PhD

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  1. Morten H. Vatn MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Morten H. Vatn MD, PhD .

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  1. Medical School of the Humboldt Universit, Department of Medicine, Charité Medical Center, Virchow Hospita, Berlin, 13344, Germany

    Daniel C. Baumgart

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Vatn, M.H. (2012). Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Baumgart, D. (eds) Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4_2

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