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Viral Polymerases

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 726))

Abstract

Viral polymerases play a central role in viral genome replication and transcription. Based on the genome type and the specific needs of particular virus, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are found in various viruses. Viral polymerases are generally active as a single protein capable of carrying out multiple functions related to viral genome synthesis. Specifically, viral polymerases use variety of mechanisms to recognize initial binding sites, ensure processive elongation, terminate replication at the end of the genome, and also coordinate the chemical steps of nucleic acid synthesis with other enzymatic activities. This review focuses on different viral genome replication and transcription strategies, and the polymerase interactions with various viral proteins that are necessary to complete genome synthesis.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Drs. Michael Rossmann, James Groarke, Marc Morais, Lucia Rothman-Denes, Peter Mason, and many colleagues who shared their passion for viruses with me throughout the years. The work is supported by NIH grants AI057156 and AI087856.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA

    Kyung H. Choi

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  1. Dept. Biological Sciences, Purdue University, W. State St. 915, West Lafayette, 47907-2054, Indiana, USA

    Michael G. Rossmann

  2. Dept. Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, 20064, District of Columbia, USA

    Venigalla B. Rao

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Choi, K.H. (2012). Viral Polymerases. In: Rossmann, M., Rao, V. (eds) Viral Molecular Machines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 726. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_12

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