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Immunomodulatory Functions of Cancer Stem Cells

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Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology

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Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are operationally defined as tumor cell fractions that possess the selective capacity to drive tumorigenesis through self-renewal and differentiation, have been identified in a growing number of tumor entities. Importantly, CSCs have been linked to neoplastic progression and therapy resistance in cancer patients, and proof-of-concept has been established that CSC targeting can inhibit experimental tumor growth. However, the mechanisms by which CSCs fuel the tumorigenic process are only beginning to be unraveled. Recent evidence suggests that CSCs possess immunomodulatory capabilities that may enable them to evade host anticancer immunity to promote tumorigenicity. CSC immunological functions include evasion from immune clearance, induction of clonal anergy or deletion, and activation of regulatory immune cells. Strikingly, such novel CSC properties parallel established immunoregulatory pathways of physiologic stem cells and known mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy resistance. Accordingly, future cancer immunotherapeutic protocols that consider CSCs and their immunomodulatory functions hold the promise to achieve more durable responses in tumor patients.

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Acknowledgments

Our research is supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (grants 1RO1CA113796, 1RO1CA138231, and 2P50CA093683-06A20006 to M. H. Frank). T. Schatton is the recipient of a Postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the American Heart Association Founders Affiliate.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital Boston and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Tobias Schatton & Markus H. Frank

  2. Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Jennifer Y. Lin & Markus H. Frank

Authors
  1. Tobias Schatton
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  2. Jennifer Y. Lin
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  3. Markus H. Frank
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tobias Schatton .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Roberto Scatena

  2. School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Alvaro Mordente

  3. , Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Bruno Giardina

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Schatton, T., Lin, J.Y., Frank, M.H. (2012). Immunomodulatory Functions of Cancer Stem Cells. In: Scatena, R., Mordente, A., Giardina, B. (eds) Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0809-3_18

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