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SHIP and Tumour-Associated Macrophages

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Tumour-Associated Macrophages

Abstract

The SH2-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase, SHIP (aka SHIP1) is a hematopoietic-restricted phosphoinositol phosphatase that translocates to the plasma membrane following extracellular stimulation and hydrolyses the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-generated second messenger PI-3,4,5-P3 (PIP3) to PI-3,4-P2. As a result, it often acts as a negative regulator of PI3K, reducing the sensitivity of blood cells and blood cell progenitors to extracellular stimulators of proliferation, survival, and activation. However, because SHIP generates the second messenger PI-3,4-P2 and can also act as an adaptor, via its many protein–protein interaction domains, its effects are very cell type and stimulus dependent. In this review, we focus on SHIP’s structure and binding partners, the regulation of its expression and its biological properties, especially in terms of its potential effects on the M1 versus M2 skewing of tumor-associated macrophages.

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Abbreviations

ALL:

acute lymphocytic leukemia

BMmφs:

bone marrow-derived macrophages

BMMCs:

bone marrow mast cells

CML:

chronic myelogenous leukemia

COX-2:

cyclooxygenase-2

DCs:

dendritic cells

DLBCL:

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Doks:

downstream of tyrosine kinases

ES:

embryonic stem

F.t.:

Francisella tularensis

GvHD:

graft-versus-host disease

HA:

hyaluronic acid

HSCs:

hematopoietic stem cells

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

IP4 :

inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate

INPP4B:

inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II

ITAMs:

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs

ITIMs:

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

M-CSF:

macrophage colony-stimulating factor

mφs:

macrophages

MDSCs:

myeloid-derived suppressor cells

mIRs:

microRNAs

NK:

natural killer

NO:

nitric oxide

PGE2 :

prostaglandin E2

PGN:

peptidoglycan

PH:

pleckstrin homology

PIAS1:

protein inhibitor of activated STAT1

PI3K:

phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PIP3 :

phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

PKB:

protein kinase B

PTB:

phosphotyrosine binding

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SH2:

Src homology 2

SHIP:

Src homology 2-containing inositol 5′-phosphatase

sSHIP:

stem cell SHIP

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

UTR:

untranslated region

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Acknowledgments

We thank Christine Kelly for typing the manuscript. This work was supported by the NCI-C, with funds from the Terry Fox Foundation and core support from the BC Cancer Foundation and BC Cancer Agency.

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Correspondence to Gerald Krystal .

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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Ho, V.W. et al. (2011). SHIP and Tumour-Associated Macrophages. In: Lawrence, T., Hagemann, T. (eds) Tumour-Associated Macrophages. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0662-4_10

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