Abstract
Perspectives on the in vivo biocompatibility of drug delivery systems to be considered in the design, development, and evaluation of drug delivery systems are presented. Temporal events occurring in response to the implanted/injected drug delivery system are presented, including early events following injection/implantation, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, granulation tissue formation, foreign body reaction, and fibrosis/fibrous encapsulation. Both nonbiodegradable and biodegradable/resorbable systems are discussed. Important in the identification of biocompatibility of any drug delivery system is the intensity and/or time duration of the various components of the inflammatory reaction, wound healing responses, and foreign body responses. Finally, a section on immunotoxicity (acquired immunity) has been included due to current events in development of controlled sustained release systems focused on delivery of biologically reactive agents that may potentially initiate an adaptive immune response.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson JM (2001) Biological responses to materials. Annu Rev Mater Res 31:81–110
Anderson JM (2009) Biocompatibility and bioresponse to biomaterials. In: Atala A, Lanza R, Thompson JA, Nerem RM (eds) Foundations of regenerative medicine. Elsevier, New York, pp 378–397
Anderson JM, Rodriguez A, Chang DT (2008) Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin Immunol 20:86–100
Anderson JM, Brodbeck WG (2009) Local tissue responses to polymer implants affecting pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of proteins and peptides. In: Mrsny R, Daugherty A (eds) Proteins and peptides: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and metabolic outcomes. Informa Healthcare Publishers, New York
Gray JE (1978) Pathological evaluation of injection injury. In: Robinson JR (ed) Sustained and controlled release drug delivery systems. Dekker, New York, pp 351–410
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC (2010) Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease, 8th edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 43–110
Anderson JM (1994) In vivo biocompatibility of implantable delivery systems and biomaterials. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 40(1):1–8
Anderson JM, Marchant RE (1984) Tissue responses to drug delivery systems. In: Anderson JM, Kim SW (eds) Recent advances in drug delivery systems. Plenum, New York, pp 23–39
Gallin JI, Snyderman R (eds) (1999) Inflammation: basic principles and clinical correlates, 3rd edn. Raven, New York
Zdolsek J, Eaton JW, Tang L (2007) Histamine release and fibrinogen adsorption mediate acute inflammatory responses to biomaterial implants in humans. J Transl Med 5:31–37
Wiggins MJ, Wilkoff B, Anderson JM, Hiltner A (2001) Biodegradation of polyether polyurethane inner insulation in bipolar pacemaker leads. J Biomed Mater Res 58:302–307
Henson PM (1971) The immunologic release of constituents from neutrophil leukocytes: II. Mechanisms of release during phagocytosis, and adherence to nonphagocytosable surfaces. J Immunol 107:1547–1557
Marchant RE, Anderson JM, Dillingham EO (1986) In vivo biocompatibility studies. VII. Inflammatory response to polyethylene and to a cytotoxic polyvinylchloride. J Biomed Mater Res 20:37–50
Yamaguchi K, Anderson JM (1992) Biocompatibility studies of naltrexone sustained release formulations. J Control Release 19:299–314
Brodbeck WG, MacEwan M, Colton E, Meyerson H, Anderson JM (2005) Lymphocyte enhancement of macrophage adhesion and fusion. J Biomed Mater Res 74A(3):222–229
MacEwan MR, Brodbeck WG, Anderson JM (2005) Monocyte/lymphocyte interactions and the foreign body response: in vitro effects of biomaterial surface chemistry. J Biomed Mater Res A 74(3):285–293
Haas A (2007) The phagosome: compartment with a license to kill. Traffic 8:311–330
Jankowski A, Scott CC, Grinstein S (2002) Determinants of the phagosomal pH in neutrophils. J Biol Chem 277:6059–6066
Klebanoff SJ (2005) Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe. J Leukoc Biol 77:598–625
Segal AW (2005) How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol 23:197–223
Silver IA, Murrills R, Etherington DJ (1988) Microelectrode studies on the acid environment beneath adherent macrophages and osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 175:266–276
Browder T, Folkman J, Pirie-Shepherd S (2000) The hemostatic system as a regulator of angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 275:1521–1524
Nguyen LL, D’Amore PA (2001) Cellular interactions in vascular growth and differentiation. Int Rev Cytol 204:1–48
Broughton G, Janis JE, Attinger CE (2006) The basic science of wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 117(Suppl):12S–34S
Clark RAF (ed) (1996) The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. Plenum, New York
Hunt TK, Heppenstall RB, Pines E, Rovee D (eds) (1984) Soft and hard tissue repair. Praeger Scientific, New York
Mustoe TA, Pierce GF, Thomason A, Gramates P, Sporn MB, Deuel TF (1987) Accelerated healing of incision wounds in rats induced by transforming growth factor. Science 237:1333–1336
Pierce GF (2001) Inflammation in nonhealing diabetic wounds: the space-time continuum does matter. Am J Pathol 159(2):399–403
Purdue E (2008) Alternative macrophage activation in periprosthetic osteolysis. Autoimmunity 41(3):212–217
Brodbeck WG, Anderson JM (2009) Giant cell formation and function. Curr Opin Hematol 16:53–57
McNally AK, Anderson JM (1995) Interleukin-4 induces foreign body giant cells from human monocytes/macrophages. Differential lymphokine regulation of macrophage fusion leads to morphological variants of multinucleated giant cells. Am J Pathol 147:1487–1499
McNally AK, DeFife KM, Anderson JM (1996) Interleukin-4-induced macrophage fusion is prevented by inhibitors of mannose receptor activity. Am J Pathol 149:975–985
Hynes RO (2002) Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell 110:673–687
Hynes RO, Zhao Q (2000) The evolution of cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 150:F89–F96
Jenney CR, Anderson JM (2000) Adsorbed IgG: a potent adhesive substrate for human macrophages. J Biomed Mater Res 50:281–290
McNally AK, Anderson JM (1994) Complement C3 participation in monocyte adhesion to different surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10119–10123
McNally AK, MacEwan SR, Anderson JM (2007) Alpha subunit partners to Beta1 and Beta2 integrins during IL-4-induced foreign body giant cell formation. J Biomed Mater Res 82A:568–574
McNally AK, Jones JA, MacEwan SR, Colton E, Anderson JM (2008) Vitronectin is a critical protein adhesion substrate for IL-4-induced foreign body giant cell formation. J Biomed Mater Res 86A(2):535–543
Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Mollnes TE, Lambris JD (2007) The role of complement in biomaterial-induced inflammation. Mol Immunol 44:82–94
Chang DT, Colton E, Anderson JM (2009) Paracrine and juxtacrine lymphocyte enhancement of adherent macrophage and foreign body giant cell activation. J Biomed Mater Res 89A(2):490–498
Jones JA, Chang DT, Meyerson H, Colton E, Kwon IK, Matsuda T, Anderson JM (2007) Proteomic analysis and quantification of cytokines and chemokines from biomaterial surface-adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells. J Biomed Mater Res 83A:585–596
Anderson JM, Langone JJ (1999) Issues and perspectives on the biocompatibility and immunotoxicity evaluation of implanted controlled release systems. J Control Release 57:107–113
Langone JJ (1998) Immunotoxicity Testing Guidance, Draft Document. Office of Science and Technology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration
Sefton MV, Babensee JE, Woodhouse KA (2008) Innate and adaptive immune responses in tissue engineering. Semin Immunol 20(2):83–85
Babensee JE, Anderson JM, McIntire LV, Mikos AG (1998) Host response to tissue engineered devices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 33:111–139
Babensee JE, Stein MM, Moore LK (2002) Interconnections between inflammatory and immune responses in tissue engineering. Ann N Y Acad Sci 961:360–363
Babensee JE, Paranjpe A (2005) Differential levels of dendritic cell maturation on different biomaterials used in combination products. J Biomed Mater Res 74A:503–510
Babensee JE (2008) Interaction of dendritic cells with biomaterials. Semin Immunol 20(2):101–108
Bennewitz NL, Babensee JE (2005) The effect of the physical form of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) carriers on the humoral immune response to co-delivered antigen. Biomaterials 26:2991–2999
Hume DA (2008) Macrophages as APC and the dendritic cell myth. J Immunol 181:5829–5835
Matzell MM, Babensee JE (2004) Humoral immune responses to model antigen co-delivered with biomaterials used in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 25:295–304
Yoshida M, Babensee JE (2004) Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) enhances maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res 71:45–54
Cleland JL, Duenas E, Daugherty A, Marian M, Yang J, Wilson M, Celniker AC, Shahzamani A, Quarmby V, Chu H, Mukku V, Mac A, Roussakis M, Gillette N, Boyd B, Yeung D, Brooks D, Maa Y-F, Hsu C, Jones AJS (1997) Recombinant human growth hormone poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres provide a long lasting effect. J Control Release 49:193–205
Anderson JM, Marchant R, McClurken M (1984) Tissue response to drug delivery systems: the cage implant system. In: Zatuchni GI, Goldsmith A, Shelton JD, Sciarra JJ (eds) Long acting contraceptive delivery systems. Harper and Row, New York, pp 248–255
Anderson JM, Shive MS (1997) Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 28:5–24
Gourlay SJ, Rice RM, Hegyeli AF, Wade CWR, Dillon JG, Jaffe H, Kulkarni RK (1978) Biocompatibility testing of polymers: in vivo implantation studies. J Biomed Mater Res 12:219–232
Autian J (1977) Toxicological evaluation of biomaterials: primary acute toxicity screening program. Artif Organs 1:53–56
Turner JE, Lawrence WH, Autian J (1973) Subacute toxicity testing of biomaterials using histopathologic evaluation of rabbit muscle tissue. J Biomed Mater Res 7:39–58
Lescure F, Gurny R, Doelker E, Pelaprat ML, Bichon D, Anderson JM (1989) Acute histopathological response to a new biodegradable polypeptidic polymer for implantable drug delivery systems. J Biomed Mater Res 23:1299–1313
Lescure F, Gurny R, Doelker E, Anderson JM (1992) Long-term histopathological study of new polypeptidic biomaterials. Biomaterials 13:1009–1011
Yamaguchi K, Anderson JM (1993) In vivo biocompatibility studies of Medisorb® 65/35 d,l-lactide/glycolide copolymer microspheres. J Control Release 24:81–93
Nel A, Xia T, Mädler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311:622–627
Bernatchez SF, Merkli A, Tabatabay C, Gurny R, Zhao QH, Anderson JM, Heller J (1993) Biotolerance of a semisolid hydrophobic biodegradable poly(ortho ester) for controlled drug delivery. J Biomed Mater Res 27:677–681
Anderson JM, Niven H, Pelagalli J, Olanoff LS, Jones RD (1981) The role of the fibrous capsule in the function of implanted drug-polymer sustained release systems. J Biomed Mater Res 15:889–902
Kao WJ, Anderson JM (1998) The cage implant system: in vivo evaluation of inflammatory responses to biomaterials. In: von Recum AF (ed) Handbook of biomaterials evaluation, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, New York, pp 649–659
Spilizewski KL, Marchant RE, Hamlin CR, Anderson JM, Tice TR, Dappert TO, Meyers WE (1985) The effect of hydrocortisone acetate loaded poly(d,l-lactide) films on the inflammatory response. J Control Release 2:197–203
Yoshida M, Babensee JE (2006) Differential effects of agarose and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) on dendritic cell maturation. J Biomed Mater Res 79:393–408
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Controlled Release Society
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anderson, J.M. (2012). Host Response to Long Acting Injections and Implants. In: Wright, J., Burgess, D. (eds) Long Acting Injections and Implants. Advances in Delivery Science and Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0554-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0554-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0553-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0554-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)