Abstract
Current research to develop biosensors for the detection of pathogens and indicator organisms in source and finished water is motivated by their potential for rapid analysis compared to laborious and time-consuming cultural methods. There is great diversity in the biosensors being developed to detect E. coli O157:H7, both immunosensors that capture and detect whole cells and genosensors that capture and detect target nucleic acids. All biosensor designs must address both sensitivity and pathogen specificity, in order to minimize both false positives and false negatives. Improvements in sensitivity have resulted from the use of new labeling technologies, especially liposomes, which can encapsulate a large number of fluorescent dye molecules, and quantum dots, which emit a much brighter signal that conventional fluorescent dyes. Some biosensors have been designed to detect viable pathogens, including genosensors that detect transcription of a heat shock gene exclusively in viable cells. An inherent limitation of biosensors is the small capture surface in relation to the large volumes of water that must be sampled in order to assess the public health risk. This necessitates effective concentration methods; however, few researchers have specified how samples would be concentrated. Instead, most biosensors have only been tested in the laboratory using small volumes (<1 mL) of buffer seeded with different concentrations of E. coli O157:H7. Field testing in pilot-scale treatment plants with blind seeding is recommended in order to validate biosensors for the water industry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdel-Hamid I, Ivnitski D, Atansaov P, Wilkins E (1999) Flow-through immunofiltration assay system for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 14:309–316
Baeumner A J, Cohen R J, Miksic V, Min J (2003) RNA biosensor for the rapid detection of viable Escherichia coli. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 18:405–413
Baeumner A J, Pretz J, Fang S (2004) A universal nucleic acid sequence biosensor with nanomolar detection limits. Analytical Chemistry 76:888–894
Brewster J D, Mazenko R S (1998) Filtration capture and immunoelectrochemical detection for rapid assay of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Immunological Methods 211:1–8
Call D R, Brockman F J, Chandler D P (2001) Detecting and genotyping Escherichia coli O157:H7 using multiplexed PCR and nucleic acid microarrays. International Journal of Food Microbiology 67:71–80
Campbell G A, Mutharasan R (2007) A method of measuring Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 1 cell/mL in 1 liter sample using antibody functionalized piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever sensor. Environmental Science and Technology 41:1668–1674
Chen C-S, Yao J, Durst R A (2006) Liposome encapsulation of fluorescent nanoparticles: quantum dots and silica nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 8:1033–1038
Deisingh A K, Thompson M (2004) Strategies for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96:419–429
Derzon M, Hopkins M, Galambos P, Achyuthan K, Bourdon C, Brener I, James C, McClain J, Peterson D, Rahimian K, Timlin J, Cullor J, Kaminski M, Peck V, Spink E, Yun C, Ludwig G (2009) Timely multi-threat biological, chemical and nuclide detection: a platform, a metric, key results. International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation 7: 413–435
Dunbar S, Vander Zee C A, Oliver K G, Karem K L, Jacobson J W (2003) Quantitative, multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens: DNA and protein applications of the Luminex LabMAP™ system. Journal of Microbiological Methods 53:245–252
Edwards K A, Baeumner A J (2006) Liposomes in analyses. Talanta 68:1421–1431
Eum N-S, Yeom S-H, Kwon D-H, Kim H-R, Kang S-W (2010) Enhancement of sensitivity using gold nanorods – antibody conjugator for detection of E. coli O157:H7. Sensors and Actuators B 143:784–788
Farabullini F, Lucarelli F, Palchetti I, Marrazza G, Mascini M (2007) Disposable electrochemical genosensor for the simultaneous analysis of different food contaminants. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 22:1544–1549
Gehring A G, Irwin P L, Reed S A, Tu S-I, Andreotti P E, Akhavan-Tafti H, Handley R S (2004) Enyzme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescent detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Immunological Methods 293:97–106
Goldman E R, Medintz I L, Mattoussi H (2006) Luminescent quantum dots in immunoassays. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 384:560–563
Hahn M A, Tabb J S, Krauss T D (2005) Detection of single bacterial pathogens with semiconductor quantum dots. Analytical Chemistry 77:4861–4869
Ho J A, Hsu H-W, Huang M-R (2004) Liposome-based microcapillary immunosensor for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Analytical Biochemistry 330:342–349
Huang X J, Zhang Y Y (2006) Electrical determination of E. coli O157:H7 using tin-oxide nanowire coupled with microfluidic chip. IEEE Sensors Journal 6:1376–1377
Ivnitski D, Abdel-Hamid I, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1999) Biosensors for detection of pathogenic bacteria. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 14:599–624
Johnson-White B, Lin B C, Ligler F S (2007) Combination of immunosensor detection with viability testing and confirmation using the polymerase chain reaction and culture. Analytical Chemistry 79:140–146
LaGier M, Scholin C, Fell J, Wang J, Goodwin K (2005) An electrochemical RNA hybridization assay for detection of the fecal indicator bacterium Escherichia coli. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1251–1261
Lazacka O, Del Campo F J, Munoz F X (2007) Pathogen detection: a perspective of traditional methods and biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 22:1205–1217
Leonard P, Hearty S, Brennan J, Dunne L, Quinn J, Chakraborty T, O’Kennedy R (2003) Advances in biosensors for detection of pathogens in food and water. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32:3–13
Liao W-C, Ho J A (2009) Attomole DNA electrochemical sensor for the detection of Escherichia coli O157. Analytical Chemistry 81:2470–2476
Ligler F S, Sapsford K, Golden J, Schriver-Lake L, Taitt C, Dyer M, Barone S, Myatt C J (2007) The array biosensor: portable, automated systems. Analytical Sciences 23:5–10
Lim C T, Zhang Y (2007) Bead-based microfluidic immunoassays: the next generation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 22:1197–2104
Lim D V, Simpson J M, Kearns E A, Kramer M F (2005) Current and developing technologies for monitoring agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18: 583–607
Lu Q, Lin H, Ge S, Luo S, Cai Q, Grimes C A (2009) Wireless, remote-query, and high sensitivity Escherichia coli O157:H7 biosensor based on the recognition action of concanavalin A. Analytical Chemistry 81:5846–5850
Mao X, Yang L, Su X-L, Li Y (2006) A nanoparticle amplification based quartz crystal microbalance DNA sensor for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:1178–1185
Meeusen C A, Alocilja E C, Osburn W N (2005) Detection of E. coli O157:H7 using a miniaturized surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Transactions of the ASAE 48:2409–2416
Mehrvar M, Abdi M (2004) Recent developments, characteristics, and potential applications of electrochemical biosensors. Analytical Science 20:1113–1126
Morales-Morales H A, Vidal G, Olszewski J, Rock C M, Dasgupta D, Oshima K H, Smit G B (2003) Optimization of a reusable hollow-fiber ultrafilter for simultaneous concentration of enteric bacteria, protozoa, and viruses from water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67:4098–4102
Ngundi M M, Kulagina N V, Anderson G P, Taitt C R (2006) Non-antibody-based recognition: alternative molecules for detection of pathogens. Expert Reviews in Proteomics 3: 511–524
Noble R T, Weisberg S B (2007) A review of technologies for rapid detection of bacteria in recreational waters. Journal of Water and Health 03.4:381–392
Nocker A, Burr M, Camper A K (2009) Synthesis document on molecular techniques for the drinking water industry. Water Research Foundation, Denver, CO, USA
Poitras C, Tufenkji N (2009) A QCM-D-based biosensor for E. coli O157:H7 highlighting the relevance of the dissipation slope as a transduction signal. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 24:2137–2142
Radke S M, Alocilja E C (2005) A high density microelectrode array biosensor for detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20:1662–1667
Rasooly A, Herold K E (2006) Biosensors for the analysis of food- and waterborne pathogens and their toxins. Journal of the AOAC International 89:873–883
Reidt U, Chauhan L, Muller G, Molz R, Lindner P, Wolf H, Friedberger A (2008) Reproducible filtration of bacteria with micromechanical filters. Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology 16:337–350
Rijal K, Leung A, Shankar P M, Mutharasan R (2005) Detection of pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 70 cells/mL using antibody-immobilized biconical tapered fiber sensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:871–880
Rose J B, Grimes D J (2001) Reevaluation of microbial water quality: powerful tools for detection and risk assessment. American Academy of Microbiology. Washington, DC
Sapsford K E, Ngundi M M, Moore M H, Lassman M E, Shriver-Lake L C, Taitt C R, Ligler F S (2006) Rapid detection of foodborne contaminants using Array Biosensor. Sensors and Actuators B 113:599–607
Song J M, Kwon H T (2009) Photodiode array on-chip biosensor for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 pathogenic bacteria. Methods in Molecular Biology: Biosensors and Bioprotection 503:325–335
Straub T M, Dockendorff B P, Quinonez-Diaz M D, Valdez C O, Shutthanandan J I, Tarasevich B J, Grate J W, Bruckner-Lea C J (2005) Automated methods for multiplexed pathogen detection. Journal of Microbiological Methods 62:303–316
Su X-L, Li Y (2004) Quantum dot biolabeling coupled with immunomagnetic separation for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Analytical Chemistry 76:4806–4810
Su X-L, Li Y (2005) Surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance immunosensors for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Transactions of the ASAE 48:405–413
Subramanian A, Irudayaraj J, Ryan T (2006) A mixed self-assembled monolayer-based surface plasmon immunosensor for detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:998–1006
Taylor A D, Yu Q, Chen S, Homola J, Jiang S (2005) Comparison of E. coli O157:H7 preparations methods used for detection with surface plasmon resonance sensor. Sensors and Actuators B 107:202–208
Teles F R R, Fonseca L P (2008) Trends in DNA biosensors. Talanta 77:606–623
Tims T B, Lim D V (2003) Confirmation of viable E. coli O157:H7 by enrichment and PCR after rapid biosensor detection. Journal of Microbiological Methods 55:141–147
Tu S-I, Uknalis J, Yamashoji S, Gehring A, Irwin P (2005) Luminescent methods to detect viable and total Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology 13:57–70
US Food and Drug Administration (2009) Bad bug book: foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook. Rockville, MD
Wang L, Liu Q, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Wu C, Yang Mo, Wang P (2009) A novel electrochemical biosensor based on dynamic polymerase-extending hybridization for E. coli O157:H7 detection. Talanta 78:647–652
Waswa J, Irudayaraj J, DebRoy C (2007) Direct detection of E. coli O157:H7 in selected food systems by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. LWT Food Science and Technology 40:187–192
Yacoub-George E, Hell W, Meixner L, Wenninger F, Bock K, Lindner P, Wolf H, Kloth J, Feller K A (2007) Automated 10-channel capillary chip immunodetector for biological agents detection. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 22:1368–1375
Yang L, Li Y (2006) Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium using quantum dots as fluorescent labels. Analyst 131:394–401
Zhao W, Yao S, Hsing I-M (2006) A microsystem compatible strategy for viable Escherichia coli detection. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:1163–1170
Zhu P, Shelton D R, Karns J S, Sundaram A, Li S, Amstutz P, Tang C-M (2005) Detection of water-borne E. coli O157:H7 using the integrating waveguide biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:678–683
Zordan M, Grafton M, Acharya G, Reece L, Cooper C, Aronson A, Park K, Leary J (2009) Detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 by a hybrid microfluidic SPR and molecular imaging cytometry device. Cytometry 75A:155–162
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burr, M.D., Nocker, A., Camper, A.K. (2011). Biosensors for the Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Source and Finished Drinking Water. In: Clark, R., Hakim, S., Ostfeld, A. (eds) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Systems Protection. Protecting Critical Infrastructure, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0189-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0189-6_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0188-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0189-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)