Abstract
Although bearing different names, the several examples of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in animals (1) are but variations in the expression of a common pathologic process—a process that results in degeneration of neurons (2). The variations are evident not only in the natural history of each disease but also in their neuropathologic patterns. Given the individual peculiarities of the diverse host species and the varied behavior of the closely related causative agents, these diseases are expected to differ clinically and neurohistologically. Defining them in terms of their similarities and differences would provide a clearer picture of their distinguishing features in comparative studies that include the related human diseases and all the experimental counterparts (3).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Wells GAH, McGill IS. Recently described scrapie-like encephalopathies of animals: case definitions. Res Vet Sci 1992;53:1–10.
Bastian FO. Neuropathology. In: Bastian FO, ed. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1991:65–96.
Gibbs CJ Jr, Bolis L, Asher DM, et al. Recommendations of the International Roundtable Workshop on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;200:164–167.
Detwiler LA. Scrapie. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 1992;11:491–537.
Marsh RF, Hadlow WJ. Transmissible mink encephalopathy. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 1992;11:539–550.
Williams ES, Young S. Spongiform encephalopathies in Cervidae. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 1992;11:551–567.
Adornato B, Lampert P. Status spongiosus of nervous tissue. Electron microscopic studies. Acta Neuropathol 1971;19:271–289.
Beck E, Daniel PM. Neuropathology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In: Prusiner SB, McKinley MP, eds. Prions: novel infectious pathogens causing scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. San Diego: Academic Press, 1987:331–385.
Hadlow WJ, Kennedy RC Race RE. Natural infection of Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus. J Infect Dis 1982;146:657–664.
Hadlow WJ, Kennedy RC, Race RE, Eklund CM. Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats affected with natural scrapie. Vet Pathol 1980;17:187–199.
Toumazos P. Scrapie in Cyprus. Br Vet J 1991;147:147–154.
Georgsson G, Gisladóttir E, Arnadóttir S. Quantitative assessment of the astrocyte response in natural scrapie of sheep. J Comp Pathol 1993;108:229–240.
Wood JLN, Done SH. Natural scrapie in goats: neuropathology. Vet Rec 1992;131:93–96.
Hadlow WJ. The pathology of experimental scrapie in the dairy goat. Res Vet Sci 1961;2:289–314.
Williams ES, Young S. Neuropathology of chronic wasting disease of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). Vet Pathol 1993; 30:36–45.
Eckroade RJ, ZuRhein GM, Hanson RP. Experimental transmissible mink encephalopathy: brain lesions and their sequential development. In: Prusiner SB, Hadlow WJ, eds. Slow transmissible diseases of the nervous system, vol 1. New York: Academic Press, 1979:409–449.
Marsh RF, Sipe JC, Morse SS, Hanson RP. Transmissible mink encephalopathy: reduced spongiform degeneration in aged mink of the Chediak-Higashi genotype. Lab Invest 1976;34:381–386.
Okazaki H. Fundamentals of neuropathology. New York, Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin, 1983:1–23.
Zlotnik I. The pathology of scrapie: a comparative study of lesions in the brain of sheep and goats. Acta Neuropathol 1962;(suppl 1):61–70.
van Bogaert L, Dewulf A, Palsson PA. Rida of sheep. Pathological and clinical aspects. Acta Neuropathol 1978;41:201–206.
Dayan AD. Comparative neuropathology of aging: studies on the brains of 47 species of vertebrates. Brain 1971;94:31–42.
Palmer AC. Distribution of vacuolated neurons in brains of sheep affected with scrapie. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1960;19:102–110.
Fraser H. The pathology of natural and experimental scrapie. In: Kimberlin RH, ed. Slow virus diseases of animals and man. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976:267–305.
Kimberlin RH. Scrapie as a model slow virus disease: problems, progress, and diagnosis. In: Kurstak E, Kurstak C, eds. Comparative diagnosis of viral diseases, vol 3. New York, London: Academic Press, 1981:349–390.
Hadlow WJ, Karstad L. Transmissible encephalopathy of mink in Ontario. Can Vet J 1968;9:193–196.
Marsh RF, Hanson RP. Transmissible mink encephalopathy: neuroglial response. Am J Vet Res 1969;30:1643–1654.
Guiroy DC, Williams ES, Yanagihara R, Gajdusek, DC. Topographic distribution of scrapie amyloid—immunoreactive plaques in chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Acta Neuropathol 1991;81:475–478.
Beck E, Daniel PM, Parry HB. Degeneration of cerebellar and hypothalamo-neurohypophysial systems in sheep with scrapie; and its relationship to human system degenerations. Brain 1964;87:153–176.
Gilmour JS, Bruce ME, Mackeller A. Cerebrovascular amyloidosis in scrapie-affected sheep. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1986;12:173–183.
Bruce ME, Dickinson AG, Fraser H. Cerebral amyloidosis in scrapie in the mouse: effect of agent strain and mouse genotype. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1976;2:471–478.
Johannsen U, Hartung J. Infektiöse Enzephalopathie beim Nerz. 2 Mitteilung: pathologisch-morphologische Untersuchungen. Monatsschr Veterinaermed 1970;25:389–395.
Hadlow WJ, Race RE, Kennedy RC. Temporal distribution of transmissible mink encephalopathy virus in mink inoculated subcutaneously. J Virol 1987; 61:3235–3240.
Wight PAL. The histopathology of the spinal cord in scrapie disease of sheep. J Comp Pathol 1960;70:70–83.
Palmer AC. Wallerian type degeneration in sheep scrapie. Vet Rec 1968; 82:729–731.
Koestner A. An introduction to comparative neuropathology. Methods Achiev Exp Pathol 1967;3:55–85.
Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A. Veterinary neuropathology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1995.
Gajdusek DC. Subacute spongiform encephalopathies: transmissible cerebral amyloidoses caused by unconventional viruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Chanock RM, et al., eds. Virology, vol 2. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1990:2289–2324.
Hadlow WJ. To a better understanding of natural scrapie. In: Bradley R, Savey M, Marchant B, eds. Sub-acute spongiform encephalopathies. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic, 1991:117–130.
Mason IL, Crawford RD. Global status of livestock and poultry species. In: National Research Council. Managing global genetic resources: livestock. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1993:141–169.
Gresham GA, Jennings AR. An introduction to comparative pathology. A consideration of some reactions of human and animal tissues to injurious agents. London, New York: Academic Press, 1962.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hadlow, W.J. (1996). Differing Neurohistologic Images of Scrapie, Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy, and Chronic Wasting Disease of Mule Deer and Elk. In: Gibbs, C.J. (eds) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Serono Symposia USA Norwell, Massachusetts. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2406-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2406-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7527-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2406-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive