Abstract
Chapter 14 has presented an overview of all the steps involved in performing a QRA. This chapter is devoted to the main analysis techniques that may be used. Hazard identification, analysis of causes, frequencies and dependencies as well as accident sequences are covered. Leak modelling and ignition modelling as well as escalation modelling are also main topics of this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
API (1976) Recommended practice for the design and installation of pressure-relieving systems in refineries. Part 1—Design, API recommended practice 520. American Petroleum Institute, Washington
API (1997) Guide for pressure relieving and depressuring systems, RP 521. American Petroleum Institute, Washington
Aven T (1992) Reliability and risk analysis. Elsevier, London
Aven T, Sklet S, Vinnem JE (2006) Barrier and operational risk analysis of hydrocarbon releases (BORA–release). Part I, method description. J Hazard Mater A137:681–691
Bäckström O (2003) Pilot project fault tree analysis for Statfjord A (in Swedish only). Stockholm; Relcon; 2003 May. Report no.: 99161–R–005
Cox AW, Lees FP, Ang ML (1991) Classification of hazardous locations. Institution of Chemical Engineers, London
Crawley F, Preston M, Tyler B (2000) HAZOP: guide to best practice for the process and chemical industries. Institution of Chemical Engineers, London
DNV (1996) JIP ignition modelling, time dependent ignition probability model. DNV report no. 96-3629, rev. 04
DNV (1998a) Ignition modelling, time dependent ignition probability model. Høvik; DNV; 1998 Feb. Report no.: 96-3629
DNV (1998b) Benchmark of JIP ignition model against experience data. Høvik; DNV; 1998 Oct. Report no.: 98-3290
DNV/Scandpower (2001) Human resistance against thermal effects, explosion effects, toxic effects and obscuration of vision. http://www.preventor.no/tol_lim.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2001
Gowan RG (1978) Developments in fire protection of offshore platforms. Applied Science Publisher Ltd., London
Gran BA et al (2012) Evaluation of the risk model of maintenance work on major process equipment on offshore petroleum installations. J Loss Prev Process Ind 25(3):582–593
Henderson Y, Haggard HW (1943) Noxious gases, 2nd edn. Reinhold Publishing Co., New York
Høyland A, Rausand M, (1994) System reliability, theory, models and statistical methods. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
HSE (1992) Tolerability of Risk from Nuclear Power Stations. HMSO: London.
IEC (1999) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems—Part 1: General requirements. IEC61508
IEC (2003) Functional safety–safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector—Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements. IEC61511
Jensen FV (2001) Bayesian networks and decision graphs. Springer, London
Jones JC, Irvine P (1997) PLATO software for offshore risk assessment: a critique of the combustion features incorporated. J Loss Prev Process Ind 10(4):259–264
Kongsvik T, Johnsen SÅ, Sklet S (2011) Safety climate and hydrocarbon leaks: an empirical contribution to the leading-lagging indicator discussion. J Loss Prev Process Ind 24:405–411
Lees FP (2004) Lees’ loss prevention in the process industries, 3rd edn. Butterworth–Heinemann, Oxford
Mendonos S (2003) Improvement of rule sets for quantitative risk assessment in various industrial sectors, safety and reliability. In: Proceedings of ESREL 2003, Vol 2. Balkema Publishers, Lisse
Morris MI, Miles A, Cooper JPS (1994) Quantification of escalation effects in offshore quantitative risk assessment. J Loss Prev Process Ind 7(4):337–344
Mosleh A, Dias A, Eghbali G, Fazen K (2004) An integrated framework for identification, classification, and assessment of aviation systems hazards. In: Proceedings of the international conference on probabilistic safety assessment and management PSAM7 and European safety and reliability conference, Berlin, Germany, 14–18 June 2004
Nielsen DS (1976) The cause consequence diagram as a basis for quantitative accident analysis. RISØ National Laboratory, Denmark. Report no.: M-1374
Norwegian oil and gas (2004) Application of IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry, Guideline 070, 29.10.2004
OGP (2010) Vulnerability of plant/structure, OGP risk assessment data directory. Report no. 434-15, OGP, March 2010
Øien K (2001) Risk indicators as a tool for risk control. Reliab Eng Syst Safety (RESS) 74(2):147–167
Pearl J (2001) Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: networks of plausible inference. Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo
PSA (2005) Investigation of the anchor line failures on ocean vanguard 14.12.2004, Well 6406/1–3 (In Norwegian only). PSA 23.5.2005. Stavanger; Petroleum Safety Authority. http://www.ptil.no/NR/rdonlyres/83A74F56–7F2D–470C–9A36–1153AADE50A7/7950/ovgrrappkomprimertny.pdf
PSA (2006a) Trends is risk levels, Main report 2005, Phase 6 (In Norwegian only) Report 06-02, Petroleum Safety Authority; 28.4.2006
PSA (2006b) Trends is risk levels, Summary report Phase 6; Report 06–04, Petroleum Safety Authority; 28.4.2006
PSA (2012) Trends in risk level on the norwegian continental shelf, main report, (in Norwegian only, English summery report). Petroleum Safety Authority, Stavanger, 25.4.2012
Rausand M (2011) Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications (statistics in practice). Wiley, New York
Relcon (2006) Riskspectrum® software. http://www.riskspectrum.com/
Ripley BD (1987) Stochastic simulation. Wiley, New York
Røed W, Mosleh A, Vinnem JE, Aven T (2009) On the use of hybrid causal logic method in offshore risk analysis. Reliab Eng Syst Safety 94(2):445–455
Sax NI (1984) Dangerous properties of industrial materials, 6th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York
Scandpower Risk Management (2004) An assessment of safety, risks and costs associated with subsea pipeline disposals. Scandpower; 2004 Sep. Kjeller, Norway; Report no.: 32.701.001/R1
Scandpower Risk Management (2006) Ignition modelling in risk analysis. Scandpower; 2006 Feb. Kjeller, Norway; Report no.: 27.390.033/R1
SCI (1998) Blast and fire engineering for topside systems, Phase 2. Ascot; SCI. Report no.: 253
Sklet S, Ringstad AJ, Steen SA, Tronstad L, Haugen S, Seljelid J, Kongsvik T, Wærø I (2010) Monitoring of human and organizational factors influencing risk of major accidents. In: SPE international conference on health, safety and environment in oil and gas exploration and production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 12–14 April 2010
Skogdalen JE, Vinnem JE (2011) Quantitative risk analysis offshore-human and organizational factors. Reliab Eng Syst Safety 96:468–479
Skogdalen JE, Vinnem JE (2012) Combining precursor incidents investigations and QRA in oil and gas industry. Reliab Eng Syst Safety 101:48–58
Stamatis DH (1995) Failure mode and effect analysis: FMEA from theory to execution. American Society for Quality, Milwaukee
Standard Norway (2010) Risk and emergency preparedness analysis, NOROSK standard Z-013. Rev. 3
Thomassen O, Sørum M (2002) Mapping and monitoring the safety level. In: SPE international conference on health, safety and environment in oil and gas exploration and production, SPE paper 73923, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20–22 Mar 2002
Tinmannsvik RK, Sklet S, Jersin E (2005) Investigation methodology: man, technology, organisation (in Norwegian only). SINTEF; 2005 Oct. Report no.: STF38 A04422. http://www.ptil.no/NR/rdonlyres/63D64078–11AA–4AC7–931F–A6A6CB790573/0/UlykkesgranskingSTF38A04422.pdf
Vesely WE, Goldberg FF, Roberts NM, Haasl DF (1981) Fault tree handbook (NUREG–0492), office of nuclear regulatory research. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington
Vinnem JE, Pedersen JI, Rosenthal P (1996). Efficient risk management: use of computerized qra model for safety improvements to an existing installation. In: SPE 3rd international conference on health, safety and environment, New Orleans, June 1996
Vinnem JE, Vinnem JE (1998) Risk levels on the norwegian continental shelf. Preventor, Bryne, Norway; 1998 Aug. Report no.: 19708-03
Vinnem JE, Hauge S (1999) Operational safety of FPSOs, MP3; riser failure due to inadequate response to rapid wind change. NTNU, Trondheim
Vinnem JE, Aven T, Hundseid H, Vassmyr K-A, Vollen F et al (2003a) Risk assessments for offshore installations in the operational phase. In: European safety and reliability conference 2003, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Vinnem JE, Hauge S, Seljelid J, Aven T (2003b) Operational risk analysis—total analysis of physical and non-physical barriers. Preventor, Bryne, Norway, Preventor report 200254-03; 16 Oct 2003
Vinnem JE, Veire G, Heide B, Aven T (2004) A method for developing and structuring risk activity indicators for major accidents. Presented at PSAM7, Berlin, 14–18 June 2004
Vinnem JE et al (2012) Risk modelling of maintenance work on major process equipment on offshore petroleum installations. Loss Prev Process Ind 25(2):274–292
Vinnem JE (2013) On the development of failure models for hydrocarbon leaks during maintenance work in process plants on offshore petroleum installations. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 113:112–121
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vinnem, JE. (2014). Analysis Techniques. In: Offshore Risk Assessment vol 2.. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5213-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5213-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5212-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5213-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)