Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Non-photorealistic Shading and Hatching

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Image and Video-Based Artistic Stylisation

Part of the book series: Computational Imaging and Vision ((CIVI,volume 42))

  • 1773 Accesses

Abstract

The human visual system performs the task of reconstruction of 3D external world scenes from 2D retinal images. In this complex task, information about natural shading of the objects, which results from the interaction of light with the objects’ surfaces, plays a crucial role. In Marr’s computational model of vision, shading facilitates the building of the primal sketch during the image-based processing phase as well as building the 2.5D sketch during the surface-based processing phase. Thus, shading figure among the most important visual cues. In depiction, which can be considered as inverse vision task, artificial shading does not necessarily mimic physical shading. Very often, artificial shading conveys also some stylistic or purely aesthetical information. Artificial shading may add to the depicted scenes more appropriate and stronger visual cues, thus helping to overcome the limitations of the media. Many skilled artists used such artificial shading in their traditional artwork by employing various hatching techniques. In this section, we explore the spectrum of possibilities for artificial shading in computer-aided depiction. We describe some artistic shading and hatching techniques that have been proposed during the last 20 years in the field on NPR. We discuss the perspectives for future development of artificial shading in computer-aided depiction, adapted to emerging media.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Allen, J.R.: Celtic Art in Pagan and Christian Times. Methuen, London (1904)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Appel, A.: The notion of quantitative invisibility and the machine rendering of solids. In: Rosenthal, S. (ed.) Proceedings of the 22nd ACM National Conference, 1967, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 387–393. Thompson, Washington (1967).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Barla, P., Breslav, S., Thollot, J., Sillion, F., Markosian, L.: Stroke pattern analysis and synthesis. In: Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics 2006), vol. 25 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Durand, F.: An invitation to discuss computer depiction. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 111–124. ACM, Annecy (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Durand, F., Ostromoukhov, V., Miller, M., Duranleau, F., Dorsey, J.: Decoupling strokes and high-level attributes for interactive traditional drawing. In: Proc. Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques, pp. 71–82. Springer, London (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Elber, G.: Line art rendering via a coverage of isoparametric curves. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 1(3), 231–239 (1995). ISSN 1077-2626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Elber, G.: Line art illustrations of parametric and implicit forms. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 4(1) 71–81 (1998). ISSN 1077-2626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Grabli, S., Turquin, E., Durand, F., Sillion, F.X.: Programmable style for NPR line drawing. In: Rendering Techniques 2004 (Eurographics Symposium on Rendering). ACM, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Grabli, S., Turquin, E., Durand, F., Sillion, F.X.: Programmable rendering of line drawing from 3D scenes. ACM Trans. Graph. 29(2), 18 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hertzmann, A., Zorin, D.: Illustrating smooth surfaces. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 517–526. ACM/Addison-Wesley, New York (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Hockney, D.: Secret Knowledge (New and Expanded Edition): Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters, expanded edn. Studio (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Interrante, V., Fuchs, H., Pizer, S.: Illustrating transparent surfaces with curvature-directed strokes. In: Proc. Visualization, pp. 211–218. IEEE Comput. Soc., Los Alamitos (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jodoin, P.M., Epstein, E., Granger-Piché, M., Ostromoukhov, V.: Hatching by example: a statistical approach. In: Proc. NPAR, pp. 29–36 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kalogerakis, E., Nowrouzezahrai, D., Breslav, S., Hertzmann, A.: Learning hatching for pen-and-ink illustration of surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 31(1), 1 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim, S., Woo, I., Maciejewski, R., Ebert, D.S.: Automated hedcut illustration using isophotes. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Smart Graphics, pp. 172–183 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Livingstone, M.S.: Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing. Abrams, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ostromoukhov, V.: Digital facial engraving. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 417–424 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ostromoukhov, V., Hersch, R.D.: Multi-color and artistic dithering. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 425–432. ACM/Addison-Wesley, New York (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Palmer, S.E.: Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Saito, T., Takahashi, T.: Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 24(4), 197–206 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Salisbury, M., Anderson, C., Lischinski, D., Salesin, D.H.: Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 461–468. ACM, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Salisbury, M.P., Anderson, S.E., Barzel, R., Salesin, D.H.: Interactive pen-and-ink illustration. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 101–108 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Salisbury, M.P., Wong, M.T., Hughes, J.F., Salesin, D.H.: Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration. In: Proc. SIGGRAPH, pp. 401–406. ACM/Addison-Wesley, New York (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh, M., Schaefer, S.: Suggestive hatching. In: Jepp, P., Deussen, O. (eds.) Computational Aesthetics, pp. 25–32. Eurographics, Geneva (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sutherland, I.E.: Sketchpad: a man-machine graphical communication system. In: Johnson, E.C. (ed.) Proc. Spring Joint Computer Conference, vol. 23, pp. 329–346. American Federation of Information Processing Societies, Spartan Books, Baltimore (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Thompson, W., Fleming, R., Creem-Regehr, S., Stefanucci, J.K.: Visual Perception from a Computer Graphics Perspective, 1st edn. AK Peters/CRC Press, Wellesley/Boca Raton (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ulichney, R.: Digital Halftoning. MIT Press, Cambridge (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Willats, J., Durand, F.: Defining pictorial style: lessons from linguistics and computer graphics. Axiomathes 15, 319–351 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Winkenbach, G., Salesin, D.H.: Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 91–100 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zeki, S.: Inner Vision: An Exploration of Art and the Brain. Oxford University Press, London (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zeki, S.: Splendors and Miseries of the Brain: Love, Creativity, and the Quest for Human Happiness, 5th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France

    Victor Ostromoukhov

Authors
  1. Victor Ostromoukhov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Victor Ostromoukhov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science & Informatics, Cardiff University, The Parade, Roath 5, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom

    Paul Rosin

  2. Centre for Vision Speech & Signal Proc., University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom

    John Collomosse

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ostromoukhov, V. (2013). Non-photorealistic Shading and Hatching. In: Rosin, P., Collomosse, J. (eds) Image and Video-Based Artistic Stylisation. Computational Imaging and Vision, vol 42. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4519-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4519-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4518-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4519-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation