Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction

  • Chapter
Control of Surge in Centrifugal Compressors by Active Magnetic Bearings

Part of the book series: Advances in Industrial Control ((AIC))

  • 2537 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter we summarize some basic concepts on compressors, AMBs and compressor flow instabilities to motivate the development of the material to be presented in the chapters to follow. Although both axial and centrifugal compressors are discussed here, the main focus of this book is on centrifugal compressors. The dynamics and characteristics of the stall and surge flow instabilities are discussed in this chapter based on the observations reported in the literature, and two different approaches to the mitigation and suppression of the surge instability are reviewed. The first approach is surge avoidance, where the surge dynamics is not modified and different safety mechanisms prevent the compressor flow condition from crossing to the instability region. The second approach is surge suppression or control, where the actual stability region of the compressor flow is extended into what is normally considered the surge region. Finally, we introduce the active magnetic bearings as an efficient method to support the rotating components of turbomachines, and a potential tool in the stabilization of surge in centrifugal compression systems. An important benefit of using the magnetic bearings for surge control is that compressors with this bearing technology will only require a software update for implementation. This significantly reduces the installation time and cost.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alamir, M.: An integrated full range surge control/rotating stall avoidance compressor control system. In: Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 1335–1340 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ananthakrishnan, N., Vaidya, U.G., Walimbe, V.W.: Global stability and control analysis of axial compressor stall and surge phenomena using bifurcation method. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. A, J. Power Energy 217, 279–286 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Arnulfi, G.L., Giannattasio, P., Giusto, C., Massardo, A.F., Micheli, D., Pinamonti, P.: Multistage centrifugal compressor surge analysis: Part I—experimental investigation. J. Turbomach. 121, 305 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Arnulfi, G.L., Giannattasio, P., Giusto, C., Massardo, A.F., Micheli, D., Pinamonti, P.: Multistage centrifugal compressor surge analysis: Part I—numerical simulation and dynamic control parameters evaluation. J. Turbomach. 121, 312 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arnulfi, G.L., Giannattasio, P., Micheli, D., Pinamonti, P.: An innovative device for passive control of surge in industrial compression systems. J. Turbomach. 123, 473–482 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Arnulfi, G.L., Blanchini, F., Giannattasio, P., Pinamonti, P.: Extensive study on the control of centrifugal compressor surge. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. A, J. Power Energy 220, 289–304 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Badmus, O.O., Nett, C.N., Schork, C.J.: An integrated full range surge control/rotating stall avoidance compressor control system. In: Proceedings of the 1991 American Control Conference (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Badmus, O.O., Chowdhury, S., Eveker, K.M., Nett, C.N.: Control-oriented high frequency turbomachinery modelling: single-stage compression system one-dimensional model. J. Turbomach. 117, 47–61 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Blanchini, F., Giannattasio, P.: Adaptive control of compressor surge instability. Automatica 38, 1373–1380 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Blanchini, F., Giannattasio, P., Micheli, D., Pinamonti, P.: Experimental evaluation of a high-gain control for compressor surge suppression. J. Turbomach. 124, 27–35 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bøhagen, B., Gravdahl, J.T.: On active surge control of compressors using a mass flow observer. In: Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 3684–3689 (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Boinov, K.O., Lomonova, E.A., Vandenput, A.J.A., Tyagunov, A.: Surge control of the electrically driven centrifugal compressor. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 42, 1523–1531 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Botros, K.K.: Transient phenomena in compressor stations during surge. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 116, 119–132 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Botros, K.K., Henderson, J.F.: Development in centrifugal compressor surge control—a technology assessment. J. Turbomach. 116, 240–249 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Boyce, M.P.: Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook. Gulf Professional, Burlington (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brun, K., Kurz, R.: Analysis of the effect of pulsations on the operational stability of centrifugal compressors in mixed reciprocating and centrifugal compressor stations. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 132, 072402 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chaturvedi, N.A., Bhat, S.P.: Output-feedback semiglobal stabilization of stall dynamics for preventing hysteresis and surge in axial-flow compressors. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 14, 301–307 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cumpsty, N.A.: Compressor Aerodynamics. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  19. de Jager, B.: Rotating stall and surge control: a survey. In: Proceedings of the 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 1857–1862 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dean, R.C., Young, L.R.: The time domain of centrifugal compressor and pump stability and surge. J. Fluids Eng. 99, 53–63 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dussord, J.L., Putnam, W.G.: Instability and surge in dual entry centrifugal compressors. In: Symposium on Compressor Stall, Surge and System Response (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Elder, R.L., Gill, M.E.: A discussion of the factors affecting surge in centrifugal compressors. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 107, 499–506 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Emmons, H.W., Pearson, C.E., Grant, H.P.: Compressor surge and stall propagation. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 77, 455–469 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Epstein, A.H., Williams, E.F., Greitzer, E.M.: Active suppression of aerodynamic instabilities in turbomachinery. J. Propuls. Power 5, 204–211 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Feulner, M.R., Hendricks, G.J., Paduano, J.D.: Modeling for control of rotating stall in high-speed multistage axial compressors. Journal of Turbomachinery 118 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fink, D.A., Cumpsty, N.A., Greitzer, E.M.: Surge dynamics in a free-spool centrifugal compressor system. J. Turbomach. 114, 321–332 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Fontaine, D., Liao, S., Paduano, J., Kokotovic, P.V.: Nonlinear control experiments on an axial flow compressor. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 12, 683–693 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gravdahl, J.T., Egeland, O.: Centrifugal compressor surge and speed control. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 7, 567–579 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gravdahl, J.T., Egeland, O.: Compressor Surge and Rotating Stall: Modeling and Control. Springer, London (1999)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Greitzer, E.M.: Surge and rotating stall in axial flow compressors, part i, ii. J. Eng. Power 120, 190–217 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gu, G., Sparks, A., Banda, S.S.: An overview of rotating stall and surge control for axial flow compressors. IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 7, 639–647 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hagino, N., Kashiwabara, Y., Uda, K.: Prediction and active control of surge inception in centrifugal compressor system without plenum. In: 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hanlon, P.C.: Compressor Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hansen, K.E., Jørgensen, P., Larsen, P.S.: Experimental and theoretical study of surge in a small centrifugal compressor. J. Fluids Eng. 103, 391–395 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Huppert, M.C., Johnson, D.F., Costilow, E.L.: Preliminary investigation of compressor blade vibration excited by rotating stall. Technical Report NACA-RM-E52J15, NASA Glenn Research Center (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ishii, H., Kashiwabara, Y.: A numerical study of surge and rotating stall in axial compressors. In: AIAA, SAE, ASME, and ASEE, Joint Propulsion Conference (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jungowski, W.M., Weis, M.H., Price, G.R.: Pressure oscillations occurring in a centrifugal compressor system with and without passive and active surge control. J. Turbomach. 118, 29–40 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kammer, N., Rautenberg, M.: A distinction between different types of stall in a centrifugal compressor stage. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 108, 65–72 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Krstić, M., Fontaine, D., Kokotović, P.V., Paduano, J.D.: Useful nonlinearities and global stabilization of bifurcations in a model of jet engine surge and stall. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 43, 1739–1745 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Krus, P., Weddfelt, K., Palmberg, J.: Fast pipeline models for simulation of hydraulic systems. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 116, 132–136 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lennemann, E., Howard, J.: Unsteady flow phenomena in rotating centrifugal impeller passages. J. Eng. Power 92, 65–71 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Longley, J.P.: A review of nonsteady flow models for compressor stability. J. Turbomach. 116, 202–215 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Macdougal, I., Elder, R.L.: Simulation of centrifugal compressor transient performance for process plant applications. J. Eng. Power 105(4), 885–890 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. McMillan, G.K.: Centrifugal and Axial Compressor Control. Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Moore, F.K., Greitzer, E.M.: A theory of post-stall transients in axial compressor systems: part I—development of equations. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 108, 68–76 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Morini, M., Pinelli, M., Venturini, M.: Development of a one-dimensional modular dynamic model for the simulation of surge in compression systems. J. Turbomach. 129, 437–447 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Pampreen, R.C.: Compressor Surge and Stall. Concepts ETI, Vermont (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Pampreen, R.C.: Compression system stability and active control. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 33, 491–517 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Pinsley, J.E., Guenette, G.R., Epstein, A.H., Greitzer, E.M.: Active stabilization of centrifugal compressor surge. J. Turbomach. 113, 723–732 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Sanadgol, D.: Active control of surge in centrifugal compressors using magnetic thrust bearing actuation. PhD thesis, University of Virginia (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Schweitzer, G., Maslen, E.H. (eds.): Magnetic Bearings. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Senoo, Y.: Pressure losses and flow field distortion induced by tip clearance of centrifugal and axial compressors. JSME Int. J. 30, 375–385 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Senoo, Y., Ishida, M.: Deterioration of compressor performance due to tip clearance of centrifugal impellers. J. Turbomach. 109, 55–61 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Simon, J.S., Valavani, L., Epstein, A.H., Greitzer, E.M.: Evaluation of approaches to active compressor surge stabilization. J. Turbomach. 115, 57–67 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Spakovsky, Z.S., Paduano, J.D., Larsonneur, R., Traxler, A., Bright, M.M.: Tip clearance actuation with magnetic bearings for high-speed compressor stall control. J. Turbomach. 123, 464–472 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Sparks, C.R.: On the transient interaction of centrifugal compressors and their piping systems. J. Eng. Power 105, 891–901 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Toyoma, K., Runstadler, P.W., Dean, R.C.: An experimental study of surge in centrifugal compressors. J. Fluids Eng. 99, 115–124 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. van Helvoirt, J., de Jager, B.: Dynamic model including piping acoustics of a centrifugal compression system. J. Sound Vib. 302, 361–378 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Wang, Y., Paduano, J., Murray, R.: Nonlinear control design for rotating stall with magnetic bearing actuators. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  60. White, R.C., Kurz, R.: Surge avoidance for compressor systems. In: Proceedings of the 35th Turbomachinery Symposium (2006)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Charles L. Brown Dpt of El. & Comp. Eng., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Se Young Yoon & Zongli Lin

  2. Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engin., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Paul E. Allaire

Authors
  1. Se Young Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zongli Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul E. Allaire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yoon, S.Y., Lin, Z., Allaire, P.E. (2013). Introduction. In: Control of Surge in Centrifugal Compressors by Active Magnetic Bearings. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4240-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4240-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4239-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4240-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation