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Reviews in Fluorescence 2010 pp 223–243Cite as

A Multiparametric Imaging of Cellular Coenzymes for Monitoring Metabolic and Mitochondrial Activities

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Part of the book series: Reviews in Fluorescence ((RFLU,volume 2010))

Abstract

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) are electron carriers that play important roles in a wide range of metabolic activities and mitochondrial functions in eukaryotic cells. NADH and FAD are naturally fluorescent with distinct illumination/emission wavelengths for selective detection. Their autofluorescence is also sensitive to protein binding and local environment. As a result, these intracellular coenzymes have potential as intrinsic biomarkers for a noninvasive imaging of metabolic activities and oxidation–reduction reactions in living cells either in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. This chapter highlights recent findings of these coenzymes as natural biomarkers of metabolic and mitochondrial activities with an emphasis on a multiparametric imaging approach.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks his former student, Dr. Qianru Yu, for her help in obtaining some of the data used in this chapter. Figure 3 is a courtesy of Dr. Karl Kasischke (University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY) and published here with permission. This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Health (AG030949) and the National Science Foundation (MCB0718741). The editorial comments by Dr. Shelley Smith (University of Minnesota-Duluth) are deeply appreciated.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swenson College of Science and Engineering, The University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA

    Ahmed A. Heikal

  2. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota Duluth, 246 Chem, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA

    Ahmed A. Heikal

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Correspondence to Ahmed A. Heikal .

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  1. Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, E. Pratt St. 701, Baltimore, 21202, Maryland, USA

    Chris D. Geddes

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Heikal, A.A. (2012). A Multiparametric Imaging of Cellular Coenzymes for Monitoring Metabolic and Mitochondrial Activities. In: Geddes, C. (eds) Reviews in Fluorescence 2010. Reviews in Fluorescence, vol 2010. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9828-6_10

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