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Role of a Changing Membrane Potential (Em) and Matching Blood Flow with Neuronal Activity

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Book cover Metal Ion in Stroke

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

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Abstract

It is crucial that blood flow is matched to metabolic activity in the brain. This matching of flow to metabolism is an absolute requirement for survival in that oxygen and glucose are the primary substrates for neuronal tissue; blood is the only source for these nutrients and matching of flow to metabolic activity dictates normal physiologic regulation of brain activity. Blood flow is regulated by changes in vascular diameter which is controlled by the activation state of vascular muscle. The activation of vascular muscle is under the control of membrane potential with fine adjustments made in response to metabolites of neuronal and astrocytic environmental influences. Astrocytes sense neuronal activity, and are intimately involved in the matching of flow by sensing changes in the metabolic state of neurons. This mechanism involves release of dilators at gap junctions of astrocytic foot processes. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms responsible for local control of cerebral blood flow via changes in membrane potential in astrocytes, neurons, and vascular muscle. These cell types form the neurovascular unit and are under the control of local environmental influences, such as H+, K+, oxygen, and CO2 and other factors defined within this chapter.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institute of Health PO1 HL059996, RO1 HL033833, and RO1 HL092105, and also by the VA Research Career Scientist Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    David R. Harder PhD, Maia Terashvili & Debebe Gebremedhin

  2. Zablocki Veterans Affairs, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    David R. Harder PhD

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  1. David R. Harder PhD
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  2. Maia Terashvili
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  3. Debebe Gebremedhin
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Correspondence to David R. Harder PhD .

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  1. , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, 346 Irvine Hall, Athens, 45701, Ohio, USA

    Yang V. Li

  2. Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Room 2562B, Loma Linda, 92354, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Harder, D.R., Terashvili, M., Gebremedhin, D. (2012). Role of a Changing Membrane Potential (Em) and Matching Blood Flow with Neuronal Activity. In: Li, Y., Zhang, J. (eds) Metal Ion in Stroke. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9663-3_19

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