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Motor System II: Basal Ganglia

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Abstract

The caudate and putamen have the same structure (Table 12.1) and are continuous anteriorly. The globus pallidus has two sectors: a medial or inner and a lateral or outer. The substantia nigra has two components: a ventral pars reticularis which is identical in structure and function to the medial sector of the globus pallidus and a dorsal darkly staining component the pars compacta which contains large dopamine and melanin containing neurons. The nuclei of the basal ganglia may be categorized as (1) input nuclei (caudate, putamen, and accumbens), (2) intrinsic nuclei (lateral segment of the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, pars compacta of the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area) and (3) output nuclei (medial segment of the globus pallidus, pars reticularis of the substantia nigra, and the ventral pallium). The consideration of the chemical and pharmacological anatomy of transmitters and circuits within the system will provide an understanding of function and dysfunction within this system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anatomy and Cellular Biology Fulbright Scholar, Tufts University Health Sciences School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stanley Jacobson PhD (Professor)

  2. Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA

    Elliott M. Marcus MD (Professor)

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Jacobson, S., Marcus, E.M. (2011). Motor System II: Basal Ganglia. In: Neuroanatomy for the Neuroscientist. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9653-4_12

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