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Collective Action and Male Affiliation in Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya)

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Origins of Altruism and Cooperation

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR,volume 36))

Abstract

Among primates, there exists a growing body of evidence that increased fitness benefits accrue to individual males and females that reside in a functioning, stable, and affiliative social group. This results from the fact that social animals commonly encounter situations in which the collective actions of several individuals provide each with advantages in terms of access to food resources (hunting and prey flushing), access to mates, predator vigilance, more effective group and range defense, alliance formation, cooperative infant care, and opportunities for social learning and information exchange. Collective action represents a model of sociality designed to examine the benefits and costs to individuals of co-ordinated or cooperative action. In this chapter we present data based on a 21-month field investigation of within-group social tolerance, cooperation, and mating strategies of male black and gold howler (Alouatta caraya) monkeys in Argentina. Our results indicate that resident adult males exhibit strong social bonds, are often each other’s nearest neighbor, engage in preferred grooming relationships, and are tolerant of each other’s mating activities. During intergroup encounters or invasions by lone intruders, all or most resident adult males act collectively in group defense. We conclude, that concepts of reciprocity, mutualism, and the benefits of collective action are central to understanding cooperative behavior in primates.

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Acknowlegments

We want to thank our field assistants and collaborators: Silvana Peker, Romina Pave, Vanina Fernandez, Nelson Novo, Soledad Diaz, Laura Prosdocimi, Manuela Chomnalez, Nancy Lopez, Ezequiel Noriega, Lilian Ferre, Mariana Carro, Juan Emilio Sala, Diego Bombelli, and Raul Sobrero. We thank the support of Dr. Gabriel Zunino during the field work and for stimulating discussions on the topic. We also thank Escuela Comunitaria Guacara-Isla del Cerrito for logistical support. This study was funded by The Graduate College-UIUC, The Wenner Gren Foundation Grant #7034, The Leakey Foundation, IdeaWild and American Society of Primatologists. The study complied with the current laws and permission of the United States and Argentina (IACUC protocol #01071) and adhered to the ASP principles for the ethical treatment of nonhuman primates. Finally, PAG wishes to thank Sara, Jenni, and Chrissie for their love, support, patience, and cooperation in allowing him to explore ideas of primate social bonds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Paul A. Garber

  2. Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples de Corrientes (EBCo), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Martin K. Kowalewski

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  1. Paul A. Garber
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Correspondence to Paul A. Garber .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, Missouri, USA

    Robert W. Sussman

  2. School of Medicine, Dept. Psychiatry, University of Washington, S. Euclid Ave. 660, St. Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA

    C. Robert Cloninger

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Garber, P.A., Kowalewski, M.K. (2011). Collective Action and Male Affiliation in Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya). In: Sussman, R., Cloninger, C. (eds) Origins of Altruism and Cooperation. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, vol 36. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9520-9_8

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