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The Calyx of Held Synapse

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Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 41))

Abstract

Specialized synapses are employed in the central auditory system to preserve timing information, often transmitting at the high firing frequencies that typically accompany sound transduction in the periphery. A unique example of such a specialized synapse is the calyx of Held synapse. It is a giant axosomatic synapse within the superior olivary complex (SOC) that functions as a fast sign-inverting relay, providing inhibition to most auditory nuclei of the auditory brainstem. Because of its size – it could well be the largest terminal in the mammalian brain – it has become a popular model system to study mechanisms of transmitter release. Figure 5.1 illustrates the most important property that allows it to act as a relay: it harbors hundreds of synaptic active zones.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Larry Trussell for helpful comments on an earlier version of this chapter. The research was supported by ALW-NWO (Moving vesicles, 814.02.004).

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  1. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, GE, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands

    J. G. G. Borst & S. I. Rusu

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  1. J. G. G. Borst
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  2. S. I. Rusu
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Correspondence to J. G. G. Borst .

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  1. Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, SW. Sam Jackson Park Rd. 3181, Portland, 97239-3098, Oregon, USA

    Laurence O. Trussell

  2. , Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-4415, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  3. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Borst, J.G.G., Rusu, S.I. (2012). The Calyx of Held Synapse. In: Trussell, L., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 41. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9517-9_5

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