Abstract
In 2010, surgery for complications of portal hypertension is largely limited to liver transplantation. The use of surgical shunts and devascularization procedures for variceal bleeding is now limited to unusual patients who have bleeding refractory to medical management, cannot be managed by TIPS, and have sufficiently preserved liver function so that they do not need a liver transplant. This chapter gives an outline of the different types of surgical shunts available to decompress varices and of the approach devascularization procedures take in managing patients with refractory bleeding, and summarizes the most current outcome data for these treatments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
D’Amico G, Criscuoli V, Fili D, Pagliano L. Meta-analysis of trials for variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 2002;36:1023–4.
Henderson JM. Portal hypertension. In: Clavien PA, Sarr MG, Fong Y, editors. Atlas of upper gastrointestinal and hepatic-pancreato-biliary surgery. Berlin: Springer; 2007. p. 649–724.
Orloff MJ, Orloff MS, Orloff SL, et al. Three decades of experience with emergency portacaval shunt for acutely bleeding esophageal varices in 400 unselected patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Am Coll Surg. 1995;180:257–72.
Stipa S, Balducci G, Ziparo V, et al. Total shunting and elective management of variceal bleeding. World J Surg. 1994;18:200–4.
Drapanas T. Interposition mesocaval shunt for treatment of portal hypertension. Ann Surg. 1972;176:435–48.
Sarfeh IJ, Rypins EB, Mason GR. A systematic appraisal of portocaval H-graft diameters. Clinical and hemodynamic perspectives. Ann Surg. 1986;204:356–63.
Mercado MA, Orozco H, Guillen-Navarro E, et al. Small-diameter mesocaval shunts: a 10-year evaluation. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000;4:453–7.
Warren WD, Zeppa R, Fomon JJ. Selective trans-splenic decompression of gastroesophageal varices by distal splenorenal shunt. Ann Surg. 1967;166:437–55.
Sugiura M, Futagawa S. Esophageal transaction with paraesophagogastric devascularizations (the Sugiura procedure) in the treatment of esophageal varices. World J Surg. 1984;8:673–9.
Henderson JM, Boyer TD, Kutner MH, Galloway JR, Rikkers LF, Jeffers LJ, et al. Distal splenorenal shunt versus transjugular intrahepatic portal systematic shunt for variceal bleeding: a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1643–51.
Rosemurgy AS, Serofini FM, Zweibal BR, et al. TIPS versus small diameter prosthetic H-graft portacaval shunt: extended follow-up of an expanded randomized prospective trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000;4:589–97.
Boyer TD, Henderson JM, Heerey AM, Arrigain S, Konig V, Connor J, et al. Cost of preventing variceal rebleeding with transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt and distal splenorenal shunt. J Hepatol. 2008;48:407–14.
Rosemurgy AS, Bloomston M, Clark WC, Thometz DP, Zervos EE. H-graft portacaval shunts versus TIPS: ten-year follow-up of a randomized trial with comparison to predicted survivals. Ann Surg. 2005;241:238–46.
Bureau C, Garcia-Pagan JC, Otal P, et al. Improved clinical outcome using polytetrafluoroethylene-coated stents for TIPS: results of a randomized study. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:469–75.
Lucey MR, Connor JT, Boyer TD, Henderson JM, DIVERT Study Group. Alcohol consumption by cirrhotic subjects: patterns of use and effects on liver function. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1698–706.
Orloff MJ, Isenberg JI, Wheeler HO, et al. Randomized trial of emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy versus emergency portacaval shunt for acutely bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhosis. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;209:25–40.
Livingstone AS, Koniaris LG, Perez EA, Alvarez N, Levi JU, Hutson DG. 507 Warren-Seppa distal splenorenal shunts: a 34-year experience. Ann Surg. 2006;243:884–92.
Elwood DR, Pomposelli JJ, Pomfret EA, Lewis WD, Jenkins RL. Distal splenorenal shunt: preferred treatment for recurrent variceal hemorrhage in the patient with well-compensated cirrhosis. Arch Surg. 2006;141:385–8.
Orozco H, Mercado MA, Garcia JG, et al. Selective shunts for portal hypertension current role of a 21 year experience. Liver Transplant Surg. 1997;3:475–80.
Rikkers LF, Jin G, Langnas AN, et al. Shunt surgery during the era of liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 1997;226:51–7.
Orozco H, Mercado MA. The evolution of portal hypertension surgery: lessons from 1000 operations and 50 years’ experience. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1389–93.
Mercado MA, Chan C, Zenteno-Guichard G, et al. Results of surgical treatment (modified Sugiura-Futagawa operation) of portal hypertension associated to complete splenomesoportal thrombosis and cirrhosis. HPB Surg. 1999;11:157–62.
Qazi SA, Khalid K, Hameed AM, et al. Transabdominal gastro-esophageal devascularization and esophageal transaction for bleeding esophageal varices after failed injection sclerotherapy: long-term follow-up report. World J Surg. 2006;30:1329–37.
Rao KL, Goyal A, Menon P, et al. Extrahepatic portal hypertension in children: observations on three surgical procedures. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20:679–84.
Selzner M, Tuttle-Newhall JE, Dahm F, et al. Current indication of a modified Sugiura procedure in the management of variceal bleeding. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193:166–73.
Orozco H, Mercado MA. Devascularizations in portal hypertension. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:247–9.
Orozco H, Mercado MA. Rise and downfall of the empire of portal hypertension surgery. Arch Surg. 2007;142:219–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Henderson, J.M. (2011). Surgical Intervention for Portal Hypertension. In: DeLeve, L., Garcia-Tsao, G. (eds) Vascular Liver Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8327-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8327-5_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-8326-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8327-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)