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Fundamentals of ISCO Using Permanganate

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In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation

Part of the book series: SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology ((SERDP/ESTCP,volume 3))

Scope

Use of permanganate for in situ chemical oxidation of contaminants of concern (COCs) in groundwater, including reactions, kinetic expressions, oxidant interactions with subsurface media, and the effectiveness for common COCs.

Key Concepts

  • Permanganate is a selective oxidant and will only oxidize certain types of organic compounds.

  • Sodium permanganate is readily miscible in water, while potassium permanganate has a solubility limit of 6.5 wt.% at 20°C.

  • For all practical purposes permanganate reactions occur only in the aqueous phase.

  • Permanganate chemistry is relatively insensitive to pH over a wide range.

  • Permanganate is highly reactive with compounds having alkene bonds and less reactive towards compounds with carbon-carbon single bonds (e.g., saturated hydrocarbons).

  • Oxidation reactions follow second-order kinetics overall with respect to the concentration of permanganate and the concentration of target organic compounds.

  • Insoluble manganese dioxides and carbon dioxide are the main byproducts of permanganate reactions with organics.

  • Under some conditions, manganese dioxide solids or carbon dioxide gas may reduce formation permeability and interfere with oxidant delivery and treatment efficiency.

  • Permanganate reacts with naturally occurring reduced materials in subsurface porous media. This is termed natural oxidant demand (NOD). Permanganate NOD is a kinetically controlled process, which can significantly interfere with the destruction of the target COC.

  • Permanganate has the potential to affect the mobility of heavy metals through several mechanisms. However, based on field experience, this phenomenon is usually transient, and elevated metals concentrations attenuate with time.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    Benjamin G. Petri

  2. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1

    Neil R. Thomson

  3. University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA

    Michael A. Urynowicz

Authors
  1. Benjamin G. Petri
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  2. Neil R. Thomson
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  3. Michael A. Urynowicz
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. 206 Coolbaugh Hall, Envir. Sciene & Eng. Div., Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, 80401, USA

    Robert L. Siegrist

  2. Institute for a Sustain. Envir., Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, 13699, New York, USA

    Michelle Crimi

  3. CH2M HILL, 9192 S. Jamaica Street, Englewood, 80112, Colorado, USA

    Thomas J. Simpkin

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Petri, B.G., Thomson, N.R., Urynowicz, M.A. (2011). Fundamentals of ISCO Using Permanganate. In: Siegrist, R., Crimi, M., Simpkin, T. (eds) In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation. SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4_3

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