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Mathematical Models and Immune Cell Biology pp 363–382Cite as

Using Mathematical Models to Explore the Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in HIV Infection

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Abstract

The combination of mathematical modelling and data analysis to understand the within-host dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has been one of the most informative uses of mathematical biology in the last decade. Simple models of viral dynamics together with viral load measurements provided an early estimate that the turnover of HIV infected cells is very rapid: most do not survive beyond 1 day. Although this estimate was initially a surprise to the field, further corroborating evidence has made it widely accepted. More recently, within-host models have been used to investigate the efficacy of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in controlling HIV infection. Though there is clear experimental evidence that they play some role, the magnitude of this role remains contentious. Models have offered three insights on this topic. Firstly, in chronically infected humans fewer than 20% of HIV-infected cell death is attributed to killing by CTLs. Secondly, CTLs are more efficient in acute infection than chronic infection, but not dramatically so, and thirdly, CTLs are markedly more efficient in simian than human immunodeficiency viral infection. Although based on simple models and repeatable data, the main prediction of this work that CTL vaccines might work in macaques but not in humans is yet to gain recognition. This is despite the fact that this prediction was borne out by the failure of STEP vaccine. We contend that in time this assertion too will become more widely accepted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Emerging Infections, The Oxford Martin School, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13PS, UK

    Helen Fryer

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  1. Helen Fryer
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  2. Angela McLean
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Correspondence to Helen Fryer .

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  1. School of Mathematics, Dept. Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

    Carmen Molina-París

  2. School of Mathematics, Dept. Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

    Grant Lythe

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Fryer, H., McLean, A. (2011). Using Mathematical Models to Explore the Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in HIV Infection. In: Molina-París, C., Lythe, G. (eds) Mathematical Models and Immune Cell Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7725-0_18

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