Abstract
The DNA sequences responsible for variations in most blood cell antigens have been determined. Most of these sequence variations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that encode for amino acid substitutions on proteins present on the surface of red blood cells or platelets. However, other variations exist, such as gene deletions and polymorphisms impacting the expression of proteins. To accurately determine blood cell antigens using molecular techniques, sometimes several SNPs need to be analyzed to determine whether a protein is likely to be expressed and which form of the protein will be expressed. Several techniques have been developed to detect these polymorphisms, including sequencing and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Microarray (DNA assay) techniques based on PCR methods have also been developed that detect multiple SNPs simultaneously. When properly designed and implemented, these techniques have proven to be extremely accurate in predicting the cellular antigens expressed and the microarray techniques also provide a high-throughput process.
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Moulds, J.M., Sloan, S.R. (2011). Introduction to Molecular Typing. In: Ness, P., Sloan, S., Moulds, J. (eds) BeadChip Molecular Immunohematology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7512-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7512-6_2
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