Abstract
We have so far been treating ‘religion’ as almost synonymous with ‘Christianity’ (and mainstream Christianity at that). This has been largely unavoidable. The modern discipline of Psychology arose in overwhelmingly Christian European-type cultures, only spreading significantly beyond them in the latter twentieth century. Even when, as in the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries, Psychology’s host society was explicitly atheist, Christianity was the reference point for any concern with religion. Having said that, as indicated in Chap. 3, non-Christian faiths have not been entirely absent from the historical picture. Those figuring most significantly have been Judaism and Buddhism. Islamic thought was largely ignored until the 1960s, when Sufism began to receive some attention. Hinduism, although the subject of a few works (notably Akhilananda, 1948), has overtly figured even less.
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- 1.
One work which has come my way is Donald Anderson McGavran (1935) Education and the Beliefs of Popular Hinduism. A Study of the Beliefs of Secondary School Boys in Central Provinces, India, in Regard to Nineteen Major Beliefs of Popular Hinduism, Jubbulpore, India, which was ‘submitted in partial fulfilment’ of the author’s philosophy Ph.D. at Columbia University. This somewhat anticipates later psychometric studies of Christian religiosity discussed in 1910. During the 1970s and 1980s McGavran published extensively on ‘church growth’ and missionary work, the two titles relevant here being The Clash between Christianity and Cultures (1974), and Ethnic Realities and the Church: Lessons from India. However, he does not appear to have ventured into Psychology again.
- 2.
Guenther, H. V. & Kawamura, L. S. (trans.) (1975) Mind in Buddhist Psychology. A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan’s “The Necklace of Clear Understanding”.
- 3.
‘Koans’ are brief paradoxical questions aimed at disrupting the hearer’s presuppositions about reality; the best known, now a cliché, is of course ‘What is the sound of one hand clapping?’
- 4.
This version of The Secret of the Golden Flower had originally appeared in English in 1931, but was reissued ‘revised and augmented’ in 1962 and went into several editions in the 1970s.
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Richards, G. (2011). Psychology and Non-Christian Religions. In: Psychology, Religion, and the Nature of the Soul. Library of the History of Psychological Theories. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7173-9_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7173-9_11
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